با همکاری مشترک دانشگاه پیام نور و انجمن روانشناسی سلامت

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری روانشناسی سلامت دانشگاه تهران

2 استاد گروه روانشناسی دانشگاه تهران.

3 استادیار گروه روانشناسی دانشگاه شیراز.

4 دانشجوی دکتری روانشناسی بالینی دانشگاه شهیدبهشتی.

چکیده

مقدمه: رابطه ی دوسویه ی سلامت جسمانی و روان شناختی همواره مورد علاقه ی پژوهشگران بوده است و راهبردهای تنظیم هیجان به عنوان تعدیل کننده ی این رابطه نقش بسزایی داشته اند. هدف مطالعه‌ی حاضر بررسی نقش سرکوبگری و بهوشیاری در تعدیل تاثیر پریشانی روان شناختی بر علائم جسمانی بود. روش: به این منظور 271 دانشجوی دانشگاه تهران به فرم کوتاه سیاهه ی‌ سازگاری واینبرگر، مقیاس بهوشیاری، و فهرست علائم مرضی بارتون پاسخ دادند. یافته ها: نتایج تحلیل رگرسیون سلسله مراتبی نقش تعدیل کنندگی سرکوبگری و بهوشیاری را نشان داد. به این صورت که در شرایط پریشانی روانشناختی بالا، افراد با بهوشیاری و سرکوبگری بالا، علائم جسمانی کمتری گزارش کردند، اما در شرایط پریشانی روانشناختی پایین، افراد با سرکوبگری بالا علائم جسمانی بیشتری از افراد با سرکوبگری پایین داشتند. نتیجه گیری: نتایج با توجه به سازش یافتگی بهوشیاری و خودارزیابی های افراطی مثبت افراد سرکوبگر در شرایط متفاوت پریشانی تحلیل شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Psychological and Physical Health: The Moderating role of Repressiveness and Mindfulness

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zoha Saeedi 1
  • Nima Ghorbani 2
  • Mehdi reza Sarafraz 3
  • Atefe Zabihi 4

1 PhD candidate of health psychology in Tehran University

2 Professor in psychology, University of Tehran

چکیده [English]

Objective: Scientists have always been interested in the mutual relationship between psychological and physical health. Besides, the emotion regulation strategies as the moderator play a great role in this relationship. The aim of the present study was to explore how repressiveness and mindfulness may play a role as a moderator in the effects of psychological distress on the physical symptoms.Method: In this regard, 271 Iranian university students answered the short-form of the Weinberger Adjustment Inventory, the Mindful Attention and Awareness Scale, and the Bartone Symptoms checklist. Results: The result of the hierarchical regression analysis showed the moderating effect of repressiveness and mindfulness. This means, in high distress, those with high mindfulness and those with high repressiveness, reported lower scores in physical symptoms. Whilst, in the low distress, those with high repressiveness, reported more scores in physical symptoms than those with low repressiveness. Conclusion: These results are discussed in terms of adaptivity of the mindfulness and repressors' overly positive self-evaluations in the different distress situations

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Repressiveness
  • Mindfulness
  • Psychological distress
  • Physical symptoms
  • Moderating effect
سعیدی، ض.، قربانی، ن. و سرافراز، م. (1395). کوتاه پرسشنامه سازش یافتگی واینبرگر: ویژگی های مبتنی بر روانسنجی و تحلیل عاملی تاییدی. فصلنامه علوم روانشناختی،59، 335-347.
Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., Hopkins, J., Krietemeyer, J., Toney, L. (2006).  Using self-report assessment methods to explore facets of mindfulness .  Assessment, 13, 27-45.
Barger, S. D., Marsland, A. L., Bachen, E. A., & Manuck, S. B. (2000). Repressive coping and blood measures of disease risk: Lipids and endocrine and immunological responses to a laboratory stressor. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 30, 1619–1638.
Bartone, P. T., Ursano, R. J., Wright, K. M., & Ingraham, L. H. (1989). The impact of a military air disaster on the health of assistance workers. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 177, 317–328.
Bishara, A. J., & Hittner, J. B. (2012). Testing the significance of a correlation with non-normal data: Comparison of Pearson, Spearman, transformation, and resampling approaches. Psychological Methods, 17, 399-417.
Bishop, S. R., Lau, M., Shapiro, S., Carlson, L., Anderson, N. D., Carmody, J., Segal, Z.,Abbey, S., Speca, M., Velting, D.,& Devins, G. (2004).Mindfulness: A proposed operational definition. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 11(3), 230–241.
Boden, J. M., Hyland, M. E., & Dale, K. L. (2005). Defensiveness and symptom reporting.Current Psychology, 24, 153–170.
Bowlin, S. L., & Baer, R. A. (2012). Relationships between mindfulness, self-control, and psychological functioning. Personality and Individual Differences, 52, 411–415.
Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2003). The benefits of being present: mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(4), 822–848.
Bown, K. W., Ryan, R. M., & Creswell,J.D. (2007). Mindfulness: Theoretical foundations and evidence for salutary effects. Psychological Inquiry.18, 211–237.
Burns, J. W., Kubilus, A., Bruehl, S., & Harden, R. N. (2001). A fourth empirically-derived cluster of chronic pain patients based on the Multidimensional Pain Inventory: evidence for repression within the dysfunctional group. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 69, 663–673.
Carmody, J., Baer, R.A.(2008). Relationships between mindfulness practice and levels of mindfulness, medical and psychological symptoms and well-being in a mindfulness-based stress reduction program. Journal of Behavioral Medicine,31,23–33.
Cooke, L., Myers, L. B., & Derakshan, N. (2003). Lung function, adherence and denial in asthma patients who exhibit a repressive coping style. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 8(1), 35–44.
Denollet, J., Martens, E.J., Nyklicek, I., Conraads, V., & de Gelder, B. (2008). Clinical events in coronary patients who report low distress: Adverse effect of repressive coping. Health Psychology, 27, 302_308.
Ditto, B., Eclache, M., & Goldman, N. (2006). Short-term autonomic and cardiovascular effects of mindfulness body scan meditation. Annals of Behavioral Medicine ,32, 227–234. 
Frasure-Smith, N., Lesperance ,F., Gravel,G.,Masson, A., Juneau, M.,&Bourassa,M.G. (2002).Long-term survival differences among low-anxious, high-anxious and repressive copers enrolled in the Montreal heart attack readjustment trial. PsychosomaticMedicine, 64(4), 571–579.
Furnham, A., Petrides, K. V., Sisterson, G., & Baluch, B. (2003). Repressive coping style and positive self-representation. British Journal of Health Psychology, 8, 223–249.
Ghorbani, N., Cunningham, C.J. L., & Watson, P.J. (2010): Comparative analysis of integrative self-knowledge, mindfulness, and private self-consciousness in predicting responses to stress in Iran. International Journal of Psychology, 45:2, 147-154.
Ghorbani, N., Watson, P.J., & Hargis, M.B. (2008). Integrative Self-Knowledge Scale: Correlations and Incremental Validity of a Cross-cultural Meausure Developed In Iran and United States. The Journal of Psychology, 142(4), 395-412.
Ghorbani, N., & Watson, P. J., & Weathington, B.  (2009). Mindfulness in Iran and the United States: Cross-cultural structural complexity and parallel relationship with psychological adjustments . Current Psychology, 28, 211-224.
Giese-Davis, J., Conrad, A., Nouriani, B.,&Spiegel,D. (2008).Exploring emotion-regulation and autonomic physiology in metastatic breast cancer patients: Repression, suppression, and restraint of hostility. Personality and Individual Differences, 44(1), 226–237.
Giese-Davis, J., DiMiceli, S., Sephton, S., & Spiegel, D. (2006). Emotional expression and diurnal cortisol slope in women with metastatic breast cancer in supportive-expressive group therapy. Biological Psychology, 73, 190–198.
Greeson, J.,& Brantley, J.(2008). Mindfulness and anxiety disorders: Developing a wise relationship with the inner experience of fear. In: Didonna F, editor. Clinical handbook of mindfulness. New York, NY: Springer.
Grossman, P., Niemann, L., Schmidt, S., & Walach, H.(2004). Mindfulness -based stress reduction and health benefits. A meta-analysis. Journal of Psychosomatic Research,57,35–43. 
Hauer, K., Trammel, A.D., Ramroth, H., Pfisterer, M., Todd, C., Oster, P., &Zijlstra , G.(2009) .Repressive coping in geriatric patients’ reports _ impact on fear of falling. Zeitschrift fu¨rGerontologie und Geriatrie, 42, 137_144.
Hofmann SG, Sawyer AT, Witt AA, Oh D. (2010). The effect of mindfulness-based therapy on anxiety and depression: a metaanalytic review. J Consult Clin Psychol. 78:169--183.
Jain, S., Shapiro, S.L., Swanick, S., Roesch, S.C., Mills, P.M., Bell, I.,& Schwartz,G.E.R.(2007)A randomized controlled trial of mindfulness meditation versus relaxation training: Effects on distress, positive states of mind, rumination, and distraction. Annals of Behavioral Medicine  ,33,11–21.
King, L. A. and Miner, K. N. (2000). Writing about the perceived benefits of traumatic events:Implications for physical health. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26 (2), 220-230.
Lambie, J.A., & Baker, K.L. (2003). Intentional avoidance and social understanding in repressors and nonrepressors: Two functions for emotion experience? Consciousness and Emotion, 4, 17_42.
Ludwig, D.S.,& Kabat-Zinn, J.(2008) Mindfulness in medicine. Journal of the American Medical Association ,300, 1350–1352. 
McCracken, L.M., Gauntlett-Gilbert, J.,& Vowles, K.E. (2007). The role of mindfulness in a contextual cognitive-behavioural analysis of chronic pain-related suffering and disability. Pain, 13,63–69.
McCracken, L. M., & velleman, S. C. (2010).Psychological flexibility in adults with chronic pain: a study of acceptance, mindfulness, and values-based action in primary care. Pain, 148, 141-147.
Morone, N.E., Greco, C.M., & Weiner, D.K. (2008). Mindfulness meditation for the treatment of chronic low back pain in older adults: a randomized controlled pilot study.  Pain, 134,310–319. 
Mund,M.,& Mitte,K. (2012). The costs of repression: a meta-analysis on the relation between repressive coping and somatic disease. Health psychology ,31,5,640-649.
Myers, L. B. (2000). Identifying repressors: A methodological issue for health psychology. Psychology & Health, 15:2, 205-214.
Myers, L. B. (2010). The importance of the repressive coping style: Findings from 30 years of research. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping, 23, 3–17.
Myers, L.B., Davies, A., Evans, E., & Stygall, J. (2005). How successful are repressors at selfcare
behaviour? Psychology and Health, 20, 188_189.
Newton, T. L., & Contrada, R. J. (1992). Repressive coping and verbal autonomic response dissociation: The influence of social context. Journal of personality and social psychology ,62, 159- 167.
Pace, T.W., Negi, L.T., Adame, D.D., Cole, S.P., Sivilli, T.I., Brown, T.D., Issa, M.J.,& Raison, C.L. (2008). Effect of compassion meditation on neuroendocrine, innate immune and behavioral responses to psychosocial stress. Psychoneuroendocrinology,34(1),87-98.
Pandey,R., & Choubey, A. K.(2010). Emotion and Health: An overview. Psy. & Ment. Health,17 : 135-152.
Pauls, C.A., & Stemmler, G. (2003). Repressive and defensive coping during fear and anger.Emotion, 3, 284_302.
Pennebaker, J.W.(1989) Confession, inhibition, and disease. En: Berkowitz L(ed.). Advances in experimental social psychology. Orlando: Academic Press; vol. 22. pp.211-244.
Pradhan, E.K., Baumgarten, M., Langenberg, P., Handwerger, B., Gilpin, A.K., Magyari, T., Hochberg, M.C.,& Berman, B.M.(2008). Effect of Mindfulness -Based Stress Reduction in rheumatoid arthritis patients . Arthritis and Rheumatism ,57,1134–1142.
Robinson, F.P., Mathews, H.L.,& Witek-Janusek, L.(2003). Psycho-endocrine-immune response to mindfulness-based stress reduction in individuals infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus: A quasi-experimental study. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine,9, 683–694.
Rosenzweig, S., Reibel, D.K., Greeson, J.M., Edman, J.S., Jasser, S.A., McMearty, K.D.,& Goldstein, B.J.(2007). Mindfulness-based stress reduction is associated with improved glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a pilot study. Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine ,13,36–38. 
Ruscio, J. (2012). Guide to SPSS for Windows (SPSS version 19). Working Paper. The College of New Jersey.
Schutze, R, Rees, C., Preece, M., & Schutze, M. (2010). Low mindfulness predicts pain catastrophizing in a fear-avoidance model of chronic pain. Pain, 148,120-127.
Shapiro, S. L., & Carlson, L. E. (2009). The art and science of mindfulness: Integrating mindfulness into psychology and the helping professions. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Soderstrom, M., Dolbier, C., Leiferman, J., & Steinhardt, M. (2000). The Relationship of Hardiness, Coping Strategies, and Perceived Stress to Symptoms of Illness. Journal of behavioral medicine, 23 (3), 311-328.
Tabachnick, B. G. & Fidell, L. S. (2007). Using Multivariate Statistics (Fifth ed.). New York: Pearson.
Tamagawa,R., Moss-Morris, R., Martin, A., Robinson, E., & Booth,R. (2013).Dispositional emotion coping styles and physiological responses to expressive writing. British Journal of Health Psychology, 18,574-592.
Tang, Y.Y., Ma, Y., Wang, J., Fan, Y., Feng, S., Lu, Q., Yu, Q., Sui, D., Rothbart, M.K., Fan, M., & Posner, M.I.(2007).Short - term meditation training improves attention and self-regulation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ,104,17152 –17156. 
Weinberger, D. A. (1992). Not Worrying yourself sick: the health consequences of repressive coping. In J. Shedler (Chair), The health consequences of psychological defense. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the American psychological association, Washington ,  DC.
Weinberger, D.A., & Davidson, M. N. (1994). Styles of inhibiting emotional expression: Distinguishing repressive coping from impression management. Journal of personality,62, 587-613.
Weinberger, D.A. and Schwartz, G.E. (1990) Distress and restraint as superordinate dimensions of self-reported adjustment: A typological perspective. Journal of Personality, 58.38 1-417.
Weinberger, D. A., Schwartz, G. E., & Davidson, R. J. (1979). Low-anxious, high -anxious, and repressive coping styles: Psychometric patterns and behavioral and physiological responses to stress. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 88, 369–380.
Witek-Janusek, L., Albuquerque, K., Rambo Chroniak, K., Chroniak, C., Durazo-Arvizu, R.,& Mathews, H. (2008). Effect of mindfulness based stress reduction on immune function, quality of life and coping in women newly diagnosed with early stage breast cancer. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity  ,22,969–981.
Zeidan F, Gordon NS, Merchant J, Goolkasian P. (2010) The effects of brief mindfulness meditation training on experimentally induced pain. J Pain. 11:199--209.