با همکاری مشترک دانشگاه پیام نور و انجمن روانشناسی سلامت

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد روان شناسی بالینی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد ساری، ایران.

2 دانشیار، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران

3 استادیار گروه روان‌شناسی،دانشکده روان‌شناسی و علوم تربیتی، موسسه آموزش عالی فروردین، قائمشهر، ایران.

10.30473/hpj.2025.73842.6203

چکیده

مقدمه: پژوهش حاضر با هدف اثربخشی درمان شناختی- رفتاری مبتنی بر ذهن‌آگاهی بر نگرانی از تصویر بدنی، ترس از ارزیابی منفی و روابط با همسالان در دختران مبتلا به بلوغ زودرس انجام شد.
روش: روش پژوهش حاضر نیمه‌آزمایشی با طرح پیش‌آزمون- پس‌آزمون با گروه گواه بود. جامعه آماری این پژوهش، شامل کلیه دختران ۱۱ تا ۱۳ سال مبتلا به بلوغ زودرس مراجعه ­کننده به کلینیک غدد کودکان شهرستان ساری بودند، که از بین آن­ها تعداد 30 نفر از دختران به ­صورت هدفمند انتخاب و به­صورت تصادفی در دو گروه آزمایش (15 نفر) و گواه (15 نفر) جایگزین شدند. جهت گردآوری داده ­ها از پرسشنامه نگرانی از تصویر بدن (لیتلتون و همکاران، 2005)، پرسشنامه ترس از ارزیابی منفی (ﻟﺮی، 1983) و پرسشنامه روابط با همسالان (هادسون، 1992) استفاده شد. گروه آزمایش به مدت 2 ماه در 8 جلسه 90 دقیقه­ای و به صورت هفتگی درمان شناختی-رفتاری مبتنی بر ذهن‌آگاهی به نقل از بحرینی و همکاران (2022) را دریافت نمودند. جهت تجزیه ‌و تحلیل داده ­ها، از تحلیل کوواریانس چند متغیری با استفاده از نرم‌افزار SPSS نسخه 26 انجام شد.
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که بعد از اثرات پیش­آزمون، تفاوت معناداری بین میانگین پس­آزمون دو گروه در متغیر­های نگرانی از تصویر بدنی (05>0P=، 07/21F=)، ترس از ارزیابی منفی (05>0P=، 29/50F=) و روابط با همسالان (05>0P=، 19/58F=) در دختران مبتلا به بلوغ زودرس وجود داشت.
نتیجه‌گیری: بر اساس یافته‌های پژوهش، می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که درمان شناختی-رفتاری مبتنی بر ذهن‌آگاهی می­تواند سبب کاهش نگرانی از تصویر بدن، ترس از ارزیابی منفی و روابط با همسالان دختران دارای بلوغ زودرس شود و می‌توان این مداخله را به دختران دارای بلوغ زودرس، روان‌شناسان و مشاوران کودک و نوجوان  توصیه کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Body Image Concern, Fear of Negative Evaluation, and Peer Relationships in Girls with Precocious Puberty

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fatemeh Zahra Mazhari 1
  • Babollah Bakhshipour Joybari 2
  • Hoda babai kafaki 3

1 Master's student in clinical psychology, Islamic Azad University, Sari branch

2 Associate Professor, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran

3 Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Farvardin Institute of Higher Education, Ghaemshahr, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Objective: One of the common psychological challenges during adolescence is precocious puberty. Differentiating between normal and real precocious puberty, especially in its early stages, can be complex and difficult due to the subtle and overlapping nature of symptoms. Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (MB-CBT) has emerged as a promising intervention specifically aimed at improving the psychological well-being of adolescents experiencing early puberty. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the effectiveness of MB-CBT on body image concerns, fear of negative evaluation, and peer relationships in adolescent girls with precocious puberty. Method: This research employed a quasi-experimental design using a pretest-posttest structure with a control group and random selection. The statistical population included all girls aged 11 to 13 diagnosed with precocious puberty who visited the Pediatric Endocrinology Clinic in Sari over the past five years (from the first half of 2019 to the first half of 2023). Based on the clinic’s records, approximately 400 individuals met the inclusion criteria. Through purposive sampling, 30 girls were selected based on their demographic characteristics, including age, gender, and medical history. These participants were then randomly assigned to an experimental group (n = 15) and a control group (n = 15). Both groups completed pretest and posttest assessments. The experimental group participated in an 8-session MB-CBT intervention, each session lasting 90 minutes and conducted once a week over two months. The protocol was based on the MB-CBT manual developed by Bahraini et al. (2022). The control group did not receive any psychological intervention but remained in contact with the research team throughout the study. Data collection tools included the Body Image Concern Inventory (Littleton et al., 2005), the Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale (Leary, 1983), and the Peer Relationship Questionnaire (Hudson, 1992). Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) in SPSS version 26. Assumptions of normality were tested using the Shapiro-Wilk test. Results:   The analysis confirmed that the data met the assumptions of normality. After controlling for the pretest scores, the results indicated significant differences between the experimental and control groups in the posttest scores for all three variables: body image concern (F = 21.07, p < .05), fear of negative evaluation (F = 50.29, p < .05), and peer relationships (F = 58.19, p < .05). These findings support the effectiveness of MB-CBT in alleviating psychological difficulties associated with early puberty. Conclusion: Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy helps adolescent girls with early puberty better identify and manage negative thoughts related to body image by promoting present-moment awareness and nonjudgmental acceptance. Rather than directly challenging these thoughts, the intervention modifies the individual’s relationship with them, reducing mental rumination and psychological distress. Moreover, MB-CBT can effectively reduce fear of negative evaluation by increasing awareness of negative thought patterns and encouraging nonjudgmental acceptance, ultimately improving performance in social settings. By disrupting maladaptive cognitive cycles, this approach facilitates the development of healthier cognitive patterns, preventing the reinforcement of social anxiety. Thus, MB-CBT can be recommended as an effective intervention for reducing body image concerns and fear of negative evaluation, and for improving peer relationships in adolescent girls with precocious puberty. It is also suggested for use by child and adolescent psychologists, counselors, and educators working with this population.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
  • Body Image Concern
  • Fear of Negative Evaluation
  • Peer Relationships
  • Precocious Puberty
Afkhami, N. (2020). The diagnostic role of early maladaptive psychophysiological constructs and coping strategies on fear of negative evaluation in girls with precocious puberty. Journal of Modern Advances in Behavioral Sciences, 5(44), 1-11. http://ijndibs.com/article-1-442-fa.html (in Persian)
Alavi , S., Elahinejad, M., & Khan Mohammadi , A. (2024). The Effectiveness of Group Interventions Based On Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Enhancing Social Self-Efficacy, Self-Regulation, and Improving Communication Skills among Girls Aged 16 To 19. JNIP, 21(25), 1-15. http://jnip.ir/article-1-1239-en.html (in Persian)
Anzani, G., Hassanzadeh, S., & Arjomandnia., A. (2022). Developing a cognitive behavioral therapy program for adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder; its effectiveness in terms of disorder symptoms, interaction with parents, peers, and teachers. Family and Health, 12(A (Special for Adolescents), 40-65. https://doi.org/10.22038/mjms.2020.17356 (in Persian)
Arezi, S., Dardkar-Siani, M., Shafiei Varzaneh, M., & Jahanbakhsh Ghahjavarestani, L. (2023). Predicting the level of perceived competence of adolescents based on academic performance and peer relationships with regard to the mediating variable of family functioning. Proceedings of the 9th Scientific Research Conference on the Development and Promotion of Educational Sciences and Psychology in Iran. Tehran. https://civilica.com/doc/1839147 (in Persian)
Badpa, K., Elah Nazar, A., & Kaykha, H. (2024). The effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive behavioral therapy with a focus on anger management on suicidal thoughts in male students. Psychological Dynamics in Mood Disorders, 3(2), 179-188.
Bahreini, Z., Kahrazei, F., & Nikmanesh, Z. (2022). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on body image anxiety and suicidal ideation of adolescent girls with body dysmorphic disorder. Avicenna Journal of Neuro Psycho Physiology, 9(1), 5-10. https://doi.org/ 10.32592/ajnpp.2022.9.1.101
Basak Nejad, S. (2008). The relationship between fear of body dysmorphia and psychological disorders in students. International Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 1(2), 179-187. https://www.behavsci.ir/article_67573.html
Beshai, S. (2024). Mindfulness and CBT: a conceptual integration bridging ancient wisdom and modern cognitive theories of psychopathology. Frontiers in Psychology, 15, 1489798.
Bianloo, A., & Jafari Harandi, R. (2021). The role of fear of negative evaluation by others in predicting the dimensions of students' creativity. Journal of Knowledge and Research in Applied Psychology, 22(3), 128-120.https://www.sid.ir/paper/953135/fa (in Persian)
Canton , A., Macedo, D., Abreu, A., & Latronico , A. (2025). Genetics and Epigenetics of Human Pubertal Timing: The Contribution of Genes Associated With Central Precocious Puberty. Journal of the Endocrine Society, 9(2), 228. https://doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvae228
Cheuiche, A., Moro, C., Lucena, I., de Paula, L., & Silveiro, S. (2023). Accuracy of doppler assessment of the uterine arteries for the diagnosis of pubertal onset in girls: a scoping review. Scientific Reports, 13(1), 5791. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-32880-2
Cladder-Micus, M. B., Vrijsen, J. N., Fest, A., Spijker, J., Donders, A. R., Becker, E. S., & Speckens, A. (2023). Follow-up outcomes of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) for patients with chronic, treatment-resistant depression. Journal of Affective Disorders, 332, 410-417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2023.05.023
Çoban, Ö., Bedel, A., Önder, A., Adanır, A., Tuhan, H., & Parlak, M. (2021). Psychiatric disorders, peer-victimization, and quality of life in girls with central precocious puberty. Journal of psychosomatic research, 110401. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2021.110401
Dadashzadeh, H., Doost Rukhsareh,, Y., Gharaei, B., & Asgharnejad Farid , A. (2012). The effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral group therapy and exposure therapy on the level of interpretation bias and fear of negative evaluation in social anxiety disorder., 40-51. https://sid.ir/paper/17199/fa (in Persian)
Dang, K., Ritvo, P., Katz, J., Gratzer, D., Knyahnytska, Y., Ortiz, A., & Daskalakis, Z. (2023). The role of daily steps in the treatment of major depressive disorder: secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial of a 6-month internet-based, mindfulness-based cognitive behavioral therapy intervention for youth. Interactive Journal of Medical Research, 12(1), e46419. https://doi.org/10.2196/46419
Daroui, S., Peymani, J., Peyvandi, P., & Soudagar, S. (2025). The effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on illness perception, body image, and fear of cancer recurrence in women with breast cancer. Sadra Journal of Medical Sciences, 13(1), 90-11. https://doi.org/10.30476/smsj.2025.101094.1471 (in Persian)
Dones, V., Yamat, K., Santos, K., Concepcion, A., & Lacson, M. (2025). The effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions versus cognitive behavioral therapy on social anxiety of adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Medica Philippina, 59(2), 15. https://doi.org/10.47895/amp.vi0.8140
Farahabadi, M., Amanollahi, A., Cheraghian, B., & Abbaspoor, Z. (2025). Investigation the therapeutic effect of mindfulness-based cognitive-behavioral counseling in pregnant women with body image dissatisfaction: A randomized controlled trial. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology: X, 26, 100387.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurox.2025.100387
Gholami Hyderabad, Z., & Ebrahimipour, S. (2018). The effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy techniques on fear of negative evaluation and self-esteem in 11-12-year-old students in Tehran. Applied Research in Consulting, 1(2), 1-26. https://www.jarci.ir/article_696685.html?lang=en
Haller, S., Linke, J., Grassie, H., Jones, E., Pagliaccio, D., Harrewijn, A., & Brotman, M. (2024). Normalization of fronto-parietal activation by cognitive-behavioral therapy in unmedicated pediatric patients with anxiety disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 181(3), 201-2012.https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.20220449
Heo , S., Shim , Y., Lee , H., & Hwang , J. (2024). Clinical course of peripheral precocious puberty in girls due to autonomous ovarian cysts. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf), 100, 29–35.https://doi.org/10.1111/cen.14943
Huang, A., & Roth, C. (2021). The link between obesity and puberty: what is new? Current Opinion in Pediatrics, 4, 449-457. https://doi.org/10.1097/MOP.0000000000001035
Hudson, W. (1992). The WALMYR assessment scales scoring manual. WALMYR Publishing company.
Kamali, M., Manshaee, G., & Torkan, H. (2024). Comparison of the Effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy with Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy on Body Image, Attitude towards Eating, and Food Cravings in Overweight Individuals. Iranian Journal of Psychiatric Nursing, 12(2), 0-0. https://doi.org/10.22034/IJPN.12.2.59 (in Persian)
Kardaş, B., Kardaş, Ö., Demiral, M., & Özbek, M. (2023). Early puberty paradox: an investigation of anxiety levels of mothers and children, children’s quality of life, and psychiatric diagnoses. European Journal of Pediatrics, 182(8), 3775-3783.https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-023-05057-2
Kato, K., Matsumoto, Y., & Hirano, Y. (2022). Effectiveness of school-based brief cognitive behavioral therapy with mindfulness in improving the mental health of adolescents in a Japanese school setting: A preliminary study. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 895086. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.895086
Kerry, C., Mann, P., Babaei, N., & Katz, J. (2024). Pirbaglou, M., & Ritvo, P. (2024). Web-Based Therapist-Guided Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Body Dysmorphic Disorder: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Mental Health. JMIR Mental Health, 11(1), e55283.  https://doi.org/10.2196/55283
Khorshidi, A., & Ghorbani, H. (2021). Experience of early puberty in girls from the fourth to sixth grade of regular and exceptional elementary schools. Tehran: Bid.
Kimiaei Seyed Ali, A., Raftar, M., & Soltani , A. (2011). Emotional intelligence training and its effectiveness in reducing aggression in aggressive adolescents.https://doi.org/10.22067/ijap.v1i1.3116 (in Persian)
Koszycki, D., Guérin, E., DiMillo, J., & Bradwejn, J. (2021). Randomized trial of cognitive behaviour group therapy and a mindfulness‐based intervention for social anxiety disorder: Preliminary findings. Clinical psychology & psychotherapy, 28(1), 200-218.
Leary, R. (1983). A brief version of the Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale. Personality and social psychology bulletin. Personality and social psychology bulletin, 9(3), 371-375. https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672830930
Littleton, H., Axsom, D., & Pury, C. (2005). Development of the body image concern inventory. Behaviour Research and therapy, 43(2), 241-229.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2003.12.006
López-Miralles, M., Lacomba-Trejo, L., Valero-Moreno, S., Benavides, G., & Pérez-Marín, M. (2022). Psychological aspects of pre-adolescents or adolescents with precocious puberty: a systematic review. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 64, 61-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2022.01.002
Maione , L., Bouvattier, C., & Kaiser, U. (2021). Central precocious puberty: recent advances in understanding the aetiology and in the clinical approach. Clinical endocrinology, 95(4), 542-55. https://doi.org/10.1111/cen.14475
Marino, J., Davis, E., Glynn, L., Sandman, C., & Hahn‐Holbrook, J. (2024). Temporal relation between pubertal development and peer victimization in a prospective sample of US adolescents. Aggressive Behavior, 50(2), e22139. https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.22139
Matthys, W., & Schutter, D. (2021). Increasing effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy for conduct problems in children and adolescents: What can we learn from neuroimaging studies? Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 24(3), 484-499. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-021-00346-4
mehrabaninasab, M., Bassak Nejad, S., & Mehrabizadeh Honarmand, M. (2023). Effectiveness of Self-Compassion Training on Body Image Concern, Thought–Shape Fusion, and Body Compassion in Female Students with Body Image Concern. Health Psychology, 12(45), 63-82.https://doi.org/10.30473/hpj.2023.61638.5405 (in Persian)
Mirzaei, L., Begholi, H., Javidi , H., & Barzegar, M. (2024). Comparing the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy and mindfulness therapy on negative rumination and social self-efficacy in individuals with social anxiety disorder. Razi Journal of Medical Sciences , 30(7), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.47176/rjms.30.204
Naghizadeh, I., Rahim, M., Hassani, J., Batoui, A., Tolabi , E., & Mostafapour , V. (2021). Investigating the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive-behavioral therapy on cognitive regulation of emotion and anxious thoughts in addicted men. Disability Studies, 11(1), 0-0. http://jdisabilstud.org/article-1-2028-fa.html (in Persian)
Nazari, G., Amiri, H., Afshariniea, K., & Kakabaraei , K. (2021). Comparison of the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive-behavioral therapy and acceptance-commitment therapy on the fear of negative evaluation and anxiety in couples referring to counseling centers in Ilam, Iran. J. Ilam Uni. Med, 29(2), 95-106. https://doi.org/10.52547/sjimu.29.2.95
Nazmi , S., Nikbakht, H., Gholamnia-Shirvani , Z., Behmanesh, F., & Azizi, A. (2024). The effectiveness of pubertal health group counseling based on problem-solving, on body image concerns and anxiety in adolescent girls: Study protocol. Journal of Education and Health Promotion, 13(1), 215.https://doi.org/10.4103/jehp.jehp_738_23
Oraki, M., Safarinia, M., & Bahrami, S. (2022). The effect of mindfulness-based cognitive-behavioral therapy (MBCT) on perceived stress, disease adaptability, quality of life, and cognitive functions in patients undergoing chemotherapy. Iranian Journal of Health Psychology, 5(4), 45-58. https://doi.org/10.30473/ijohp.2023.63821.1249 (in Persian)
Robertson, L. (2024). Youth Gender Nonconformity, Pubertal Development, Peer Victimization, and Internalizing Problems: A Prospective Moderation-Mediation Analysis (Master's thesis, The Florida State University). https://www.proquest.com/openview/6d0777ebd6e79a74b59ccd80bd74da41/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y
Rouhaniyan, F., & Amiri Majd, M. (2016). The relationship between peer relationships and social adjustment in art school students, Third National Conference on Strategies for the Development and Promotion of Educational Sciences, Psychology, Counseling and Education in Iran. Association for the Development and Promotion of Basic Sciences and Arts. Tehran. https://civilica.com/doc/594736 (in Persian)
Sabokbari, K., Abbasi, R., & Gholami Baker, N. (2022). Effectiveness of Schema Therapy on Fear of Negative Evaluative in Female with Social Anxiety Disorder. Research in Clinical Psychology and Counseling, 11(2), 95-112. https://doi.org/10.22067/tpccp.2022.72888.1182
Sadeghzadeh, M., Ramezani, M., & Khorramdel, M. (2023). he Structural Relationship between Body Image Shame and Forms of Self-Criticism/Self-Assurance in Female Students: The Mediating Role of Dimensions of Fear of Compassion. Health Psychology, 12(46), 93-110. https://doi.org/10.30473/hpj.2023.64187.5554 (in Persian)
Schoelwer, M., Donahue, K., Didrick, P., & Eugster, E. (2017). One-year follow-up of girls with precocious puberty and their mothers: do psychological assessments change over time or with treatment? Hormone research in paediatrics, 88(5), 347-35.
Sedaghat, M., Sheybani, H., Tabatabaee, S., & Taher, M. (2023). The effectiveness of mindfulness integrated cognitive-behavioral therapy on irritability and self-restraint of female adolescents with disruptive mood dysregulation disorder. Journal of the Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, 66(3), 293-305. https://doi.org/10.22038/MJMS.2022.64047.3755
Shafiabadi, A., Hasani, J., & Yari, M. (2023). Comparing the effectiveness of emotion-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on body image and cognitive emotion regulation in adolescent girls want in cosmetic surgery. Psychological Achievements, 30(1), 19-36.https://doi.org/10.22055/psy.2022.34239.2569
Shiasi Arani, K., Enayati Arani, S., & Gilasi, H. (2023). Evaluation of the causes and clinical course of precocious puberty in children referred to the Endocrinology Clinic of Kashan University of Medical Sciences. Bimonthly, 27(6), 1-7.https://doi.org/10.48307/FMSJ.2023.27.6.696
Shokri, O., Geravand, F., Naghsh, Z., Ali Tarkhan, R., & Paeezi, M. (2008). The psychometric properties of the brief fear of negative evaluation scale. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, 14(3), 316-325.https://www.sid.ir/paper/16826/fa (in Persian)
Smets, A., Sofia, C., Bruno, C., Ključevšek, , D., Lobo, M., Napolitano, M., & Müller, L. (2024). Abdominal imaging in precocious puberty in girls: can imaging determine onset of puberty? Pediatric Radiology, 1-14.https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00247-024-05992-8
Tabatabaienejad, F., Aghaie, A., & Golparvar , M. (2018). Compare Effectiveness of Positive Mindfulness Therapy, Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy on Social Anxiety and Communication Skills of Female Students with Depression. Socialworkmag, 7(3), 5-16.http://socialworkmag.ir/article-1-422-en.html
Talarico, V., Rodio , M., Viscomi, A., Galea, E., Galati, M., & Raiola, G. (2021). The role of pelvic ultrasound for the diagnosis and management of central precocious puberty: An update. Acta Bio Medica: Atenei Parmensis,, 92(5). https://doi.org/10.23750/abm.v92i5.12295
Terence, N., Ayub, N., & Kimong, P. (2024). The Effectiveness of Group CBT Module in Alleviating Body Dissatisfaction, Anxiety, and Self-Esteem Issues in Adolescents. JURNAL PSIKOLOGI MALAYSIA, 38(2).https://spaj.ukm.my/ppppm/jpm/article/view/824
Vijayakumar, N., Youssef, G., Bereznicki, H., Dehestani, N., Silk, T., & Whittle, S. (2024). The social determinants of emotional and behavioral problems in adolescents experiencing early puberty. Journal of Adolescent Health, 74(4), 674-681.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.06.025
Williams, K., Elliott, R., Barnhofer, T., Zahn, R., & Anderson , I. (2021). Positive shifts in emotion evaluation following mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) in remitted depressed participants. Mindfulness,, 12, 623-635. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-020-01521-4
Williams, V., Soliman, A., Barrett, A., & Klein, K. (2018). Review and evaluation of patient-centered psychosocial assessments for children with central precocious puberty or early puberty. Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism, 31(5), 485–495.
Yaghoubi, S. (2024). The effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy on fear of negative evaluation and feelings of shame and guilt in adolescents with a history of self-harm, Second National Conference on Healthy Family,. Healthy Society, Qaenat. https://civilica.com/doc/2120868(in Persian)
Yari, M., Shafiabady, A., & Hasani, J. (2020). Comparing the efficacy of emotion-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy with mindfulness based cognitive therapy on body image and cognitive fusion in adolescent girls interested in cosmetic surgery. Journal of Dermatology and Cosmetic, 11(2), 107-118.http://jdc.tums.ac.ir/article-1-5459-en.html(in Persian)
Zamiri-Miandoab, N., Hassanzadeh, R., Kamalifard, M., & Mirghafourvand, M. (2021). The effect of cognitive behavior therapy on body image and self-esteem in female adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health, 33(6), 323-332.https://doi.org/10.1515/ijamh-2021-0029