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نقش ساختاری سطح کارکرد شخصیت و سبک‌های دلبستگی در غذا خوردن هیجانی: عامل واسطه‌ای مکانیزم‌های دفاعی

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه روانشناسی بالینی، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه سمنان، سمنان، ایران.

2 دانشیار، گروه روانشناسی بالینی، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه سمنان، سمنان، ایران.

چکیده

مقدمه: پژوهش حاضر با هدف تعیین اثر ساختاری سطح کارکرد شخصیت و سبک‌های دلبستگی بر غذا خوردن هیجانی با در نظر گرفتن عامل واسطه‌ای مکانیسم‌های دفاعی انجام گرفت.
روش: در یک طرح همبستگی با روش مدل‌سازی معادلات ساختاری، تعداد 800 شرکت‌کننده به روش نمونه‌گیری دردسترس انتخاب شدند داده­ها با پرسشنامه­های رفتار خوردن داچ، پرسش‌نامه سبک دلبستگی بزرگسالان کولینز و رید، پرسش‌نامه سبک‌های دفاعی و فرم کوتاه مقیاس سطوح کارکرد شخصیت توسط افراد نمونه جمع­آوری شد.
یافته‌ها: سطح کارکرد شخصیت (52/0) و سبک‌­های دلبستگی ایمن (91/0)، اضطرابی (39/0) و اجتنابی (51/0) بر غذا خوردن هیجانی اثر ساختاری مستقیم دارد (05/0>P). سطح کارکرد شخصیت با درنظرگرفتن عامل واسطه‌ای مکانیزم‌های دفاعی رشدیافته (76/0)، رشدنایافته (83/0) و روان‌آزرده (79/0) بر غذاخوردن هیجانی اثر ساختاری غیرمستقیم دارد (05/0>P). سبک‌های دلبستگی ایمن (61/0)، اضطرابی (61/0) و اجتنابی (72/0) با درنظرگرفتن عامل واسطه‌ای مکانیزم‌های دفاعی رشدیافته بر غذاخوردن هیجانی اثر ساختاری غیرمستقیم دارد (05/0>P). سبک‌های دلبستگی ایمن (78/0)، اضطرابی (60/0) و اجتنابی (79/0) با درنظرگرفتن عامل واسطه‌ای مکانیزم‌های دفاعی رشدنایافته بر غذاخوردن هیجانی اثر ساختاری غیرمستقیم دارد (05/0>P). سبک‌های دلبستگی ایمن (86/0)، اضطرابی (67/0) و اجتنابی (73/0) با درنظرگرفتن عامل واسطه‌ای مکانیزم‌های دفاعی روان‌آزرده بر غذاخوردن هیجانی اثر ساختاری غیرمستقیم دارد (05/0>P).
نتیجه‌گیری: از آنجا که اختلال در شخصیت با پرخوری و خوردن کنترل نشده ارتباط دارد لذا می‌توان این‌طور نتیجه‌گیری نمود که افراد دارای پرخوری، کارکرد شخصیت ناسازگار بالاتر و کارکرد شخصیت سازگار پایین‌تری دارند. بر اساس نظریه‌ی تنظیم هیجان‌ که یکی از نظریه‌های رفتار غذا خوردن هیجانی است، خوردن هیجانی می‌تواند با کاهش هیجانات منفی، خلق و خو را بهبود بخشد. لذا با توجه به همپوشی بین مفاهیم تنظیم هیجان در دو متغیر سطح کارکرد شخصیت و غذا خوردن هیجانی به نظر می‌رسد این اشتراک علت ارتباط این دو متغیر با یکدیگر باشد. دفاع نابالغ با خوردن هیجانی مرتبط است و خوردن هیجانی نیز همچون مکانیزم دفاعی راهبردی برای کاهش هیجانات منفی می‌باشد که در نهایت آسیب‌های بسیاری را به دنبال دارد. هماهنگی مادر با کودک در موقعیت‌های پراسترس خودتنظیمی و مبانی شناختی و هیجانی و راهبردهای مقابله‌ای کودک را شکل می‌دهد؛ در صورتی که دلبستگی ایمن در فرد شکل نگیرد، قادر به تنظیم هیجانات و کنترل هیجانات خود به شیوه‌ی صحیح نخواهند بود و از راهبردهای نامناسبی همچون پرخوری برای تنظیم هیجانات خود استفاده خواهد کرد. نتایج پژوهش می‌تواند به تدوین و طراحی مداخلات روانشناختی و پروتکل‌های درمان پرخوری و چاقی کمک کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Structural Role of Level of Personality Functioning and Attachment Styles in Emotional Eating: A Mediating Factor of Defense Mechanisms

نویسندگان [English]

  • Elham Zamirpour moghadamnia 1
  • Isaac Rahimian Boogar 2
  • Siavash Talepasand 2

1 M.A. Student in Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran.

2 Associate Professor, Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the structural effect of personality functioning and attachment styles on emotional eating by considering the mediating factor of defense mechanisms. Method: In the correlation design with structural equation modeling method, 800 participants were selected by compliance sampling method. The data collected with Eating Behavior Questionnaire, the Collins and Reed Adult Attachment Style Questionnaire, the Defense Styles Questionnaire and the short form of The Personality Function Levels Scale was completed by the sample. Results: The level of personality functioning (0.52) and the secure (0.91), anxious (0.39) and avoidant (0.51) attachment style have a direct structural effects on emotional eating (P<0.05). The level of personality functioning, considering the mediating factor of mature (0.76), immature (0.83) and neurotic (0.79) defense mechanisms, has an indirect structural effect on emotional eating (P<0.05). Secure (0.61), anxious (0.61) and avoidant (0.72) attachment styles have an indirect structural effect on emotional eating with mediating factor of mature defense mechanisms (P<0.05). Secure (0.78), anxious (0.60) and avoidant (0.79) attachment styles have an indirect structural effect on emotional eating with mediating factor of immature defense mechanisms(P<0.05). Secure (0.86), anxious (0.67) and avoidant (0.73) attachment styles have an indirect structural effect on emotional eating with mediating factor of neurotic defense mechanisms (P<0.05). The results showed that the structural model has an acceptable fit with the collected data. The fit of the structural model implies the direct and indirect role of personality functioning level and attachment styles on emotional eating, considering the mediating role of defense mechanisms. Conclusion: Personality disorders have been linked to uncontrolled and binge eating, suggesting that individuals who binge eat may have more maladaptive and less adaptive personality traits. The emotion regulation theory of eating behavior proposes that emotional eating can improve mood by reducing negative emotions. This overlap in emotion regulation between personality functioning and emotional eating may explain their relationship. Immature defense mechanisms are associated with emotional eating, which acts as a strategic defense to alleviate negative emotions, though it often leads to problems. The way mothers and children interact during stressful situations shapes a child's self-regulation, cognitive and emotional foundations, and coping strategies. Without secure attachment, individuals may struggle to regulate their emotions effectively, resorting to unhealthy strategies like binge eating. These findings could inform the development of psychological interventions and treatment protocols for binge eating and obesity.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Attachment styles
  • Defense mechanisms
  • Emotional eating
  • Personality
  • functioning level
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روانشناسی سلامت
دوره 13، شماره 49
خرداد 1403
صفحه 99-114
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