A
somaye shokri; elham nanab; shieva esmailie; yasaman jahed; Hamid Haghani; Mahboubeh shali
Abstract
Objective: Mental and psychological problems of the patient's family, as an important issue, is presented in the special care section, which can be caused by the lack of awareness of the family regarding the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of the patient. Anxiety caused by the hospitalization of a ...
Read More
Objective: Mental and psychological problems of the patient's family, as an important issue, is presented in the special care section, which can be caused by the lack of awareness of the family regarding the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of the patient. Anxiety caused by the hospitalization of a family member in the intensive care unit is one of the problems in the family of patients. The presence of anxiety in a patient's family member limits his ability to provide help and can exacerbate the patient's concerns. In addition to anxiety, delirium is another unpleasant experience for family caregivers. Delirium is a fluctuating cognitive impairment and an acute problem in hospitalized patients that can cause psychological responses in family caregivers. Having a proper assessment of the needs of the families of patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit and efforts to strengthen the care system in response to these needs can improve the quality of care and increase satisfaction with receiving care services. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the relationship between patient delirium and anxiety in family caregivers of patients admitted to the intensive care unit. Method: In this cross-sectional study in 2024, 256 pairs of patients and family caregivers of patients admitted to the intensive care unit were selected using proportional stratified sampling. To collect information, three questionnaires including demographic information, CAM-ICU questionnaire and GAD7 questionnaire were used. Inclusion criteria for patients included age equal to 18 years or more, Richmond Sedation Scale score≥3 and stay more than 24 hours in the intensive care unit. Entry criteria for family caregivers of hospitalized patients included age 18 and older, having the duty of caring for the patient, and the ability to fill out questionnaires. In this study, family caregivers were considered to be people who take direct care of the patient without getting paid, who can be the patient's family, relatives, or friends. Exclusion criteria for the family included inability to cooperate with the research team (eg, hearing impairment, inability to communicate) and having a history of anxiety and depression. These criteria for patients included severe neurological injury (eg, severe traumatic brain injury), predicted length of stay in the intensive care unit of less than 24 hours, and Glasgow Coma Scale score <9. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16 software. Results: The delirium score was reported positive in 200 cases of patients (78.1%). 240 people (93.8%) of family caregivers had reported symptoms of anxiety, 43 people (16.8%) had mild anxiety, 84 people (32.8%) had moderate anxiety and 113 people (44.2%) They had experienced severe anxiety. A statistically significant relationship was reported between the patient's delirium and the generalized anxiety disorder of the family caregivers (P<0.001). Conclusion: The presence of anxiety in family caregivers shows the need for nursing and medical staff to pay more attention to reducing anxiety and using appropriate interventions. Family caregivers play an important role in supporting the sick person, and this point highlights the need to pay attention and importance to them by the health care system and nurses; Because supporting them means continuing to care for the sick person. Having a proper assessment of the needs of the families of patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit and trying to strengthen the care system in response to these needs can improve the quality of care and increase satisfaction with receiving care services.
A
susan alizadehfard
Abstract
Objective: Facial expression is one of the most important signs of pain, which is very effective in transmitting pain to others. The facial appearance of pain is directly related to the observers' direct perception of the presence or intensity of pain and is the result of the interaction between emotional, ...
Read More
Objective: Facial expression is one of the most important signs of pain, which is very effective in transmitting pain to others. The facial appearance of pain is directly related to the observers' direct perception of the presence or intensity of pain and is the result of the interaction between emotional, cognitive and sensory components. Pain perception is related to a set of attitudes, beliefs and also cognitive distortions of the observer. This issue is more important in medical environments. If patients are unable to express and convey their pain experiences; Or the caregivers and therapists are not able to identify and understand the pain experiences of the patients, the appropriate help or treatment may not be provided. In other words, understanding these biases in the treatment environment is very necessary and can help reduce the effects of bias and improve the quality of healthcare. Based on the available research literature, in previous researches, only the comparison of pain assessment by patients and experts has been examined, and no comparison was found regarding the effects of valuation and the resulting bias in therapeutic fields. Considering this research gap, the aim of the present study was to compare the effect of positive and negative evaluation of patients on pain assessment in nurses and normal people. Method: Sixty men & females (each group thirty) heard four pictured scenarios about 4 positive and 4 negative persons (half female). It should be noted that while reading the scenarios, the photos of the characters are also shown. These scenarios are expected to create a positive or negative perception of the characters. Then, thirty-two videos of dynamic facial expressions (one second long) of eight characters with four levels of pain expression (neutral, mild, moderate, and strong) were shown. The participants have to evaluated these pain expressions videos from 1 to 100. The data of the groups were compared by SPSS-21 software. Results: To deliberate the research hypothesis repeated measurement variance analysis 4×2 was used (four levels of pain intensity: neutral, mild, moderate, strong pain; two levels of characters' valence: positive vs. negative) as within‐subject factors. The results shown a significant main effect of pain intensity; as their evaluation for different pain levels are significantly different and high level of pain expressions received correctly higher estimations. Also, positive or negative impressions did not make a difference in nurses. Conclusion: These results are very important to indicated that the experience and professional knowledge of nurses in the field of treatment reduced the effect of evaluation bias in them. The alignment of information with the context increases the emotional understanding of other people's faces. For nurses, seeing the faces of people in pain is completely aligned with their information background; So, they have understood those images more accurately and with less effect of evaluation bias. Also, it is necessary to pay attention to the compatibility with pain empathy. In other words, since nurses are frequently and continuously exposed to the pain of others, and the diagnosis of pain is an important task for them, the level of empathy with the pain of others is often unconsciously reduced in them, and as a result, they underestimate the pain of others.
A
Manizhe Haddadi Barzoki; azra zebardast; sajjad rezaei
Abstract
Objective: Obesity and overweight impose significant health care costs, while being preventable and treatable. Prevention of obesity is the best treatment strategy. Research results show that many internal and external factors can be considered as obstacles to obesity prevention or weight loss. This ...
Read More
Objective: Obesity and overweight impose significant health care costs, while being preventable and treatable. Prevention of obesity is the best treatment strategy. Research results show that many internal and external factors can be considered as obstacles to obesity prevention or weight loss. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the mediating role of cognitive errors in the relationship between socio-cultural pressure and fear of body image in obese women without a history of weight loss. Method: The descriptive cross-sectional research design was of the correlation type, which was carried out with 200 obese women aged 30 to 55 without a history of weight loss, using available sampling method from the cities of Tehran, Rasht and Kashan, in the second half of 2012. To measure, body mass index (BMI) was used and Subjects answered demographic questionnaires, Littleton's fear of body image (BICI), perceived cultural-social pressure (PSPS) and Ellis' cognitive errors (CDQ). Data analysis was done with SPSS and Amos software version 22. Results: The average and standard deviation of the variables according to the age group of 46 to 50 years, the most cognitive error, the most average fear of body image and cultural-social pressure has been assigned to itself. These estimates are true in working women compared to housewives and also in married women compared to single women. The findings showed a relationship between cultural-social pressure and fear of body image (p<0.05, r=0.38), cognitive errors and fear of body image (p<0.05, r=0.50) and cultural-social pressure and cognitive errors (p<0.05 , r=0.65) there is a significant relationship; One unit of change of cultural-social pressure leads to 0.36 changes in fear of body image, one unit of change in cognitive errors leads to 0.55 changes in body image, and one unit of change in cultural-social pressure leads to 0.66 changes in cognitive errors. The proposed mediation model had a relatively good fit, and the drawn model explained 63% of the variable scores of fear of body image (χ2/df=2.503, RMSEA=0.088, CFI=0.609, PCFI=0.695, IFI=0.730, GFI=0.609). Bootstrap analysis showed that cognitive errors significantly mediate the relationship between socio-cultural pressure scores and fear of body image (95% CI: 0.172 to 0.154). Conclusion: According to the findings, which showed that the mediating role of cognitive errors in the relationship between socio-cultural pressure and body image in obese women without a history of weight loss is significant, cognitive errors such as bipolar thinking and attention bias have the destructive effect of cultural-social pressure to create more fear of body image intensifies in obese women. That is, although cultural-social pressure can be the trigger for weight loss, if there are cognitive errors, instead of the cultural-social pressure being the trigger, it turns it into obstacles. Therefore, it is possible to develop educational programs for obesity therapists and general health policy makers to increase awareness of cognitive errors in order to promote a correct understanding of body image and cultural -social pressure regarding persuasion to reduce or maintain weight loss.
A
Milad Rahimi; Robabeh Noury; Elahe Tajfar
Abstract
Objective: Entering college is a critical developmental stage that can make students vulnerable to disordered eating attitudes and eating disorders. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between perfectionism and body dissatisfaction in relation to eating attitudes, with ...
Read More
Objective: Entering college is a critical developmental stage that can make students vulnerable to disordered eating attitudes and eating disorders. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between perfectionism and body dissatisfaction in relation to eating attitudes, with the mediating role of anxiety among college students. Method: The current research utilized a correlational design with path analysis. The statistical population of this study consisted of 19-24-year-old undergraduate students at Kharazmi University, Tehran, who were enrolled in the first semester of the academic year, which fell in 2023. From this population, 478 students were selected using a random one-stage cluster sampling method. Ethical principles such as the informed consent of the participants and maintaining the confidentiality of the data were taken into consideration. In order to collect data, the 26-item version of Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ), and Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (FMPS) were used. Data analysis was carried out with SPSS-26 and Amos-24 software. Results: The results of this study showed that the effects of perfectionism (β = 0.46, p < 0.01), body dissatisfaction (β = 0.36, p < 0.01), and anxiety (β = 0.13, p < 0.01) on eating attitudes were positive and significant. Additionally, perfectionism (β = 0.33, p < 0.01) and body dissatisfaction (β = 0.38, p < 0.01) had positive and significant effects on anxiety, and perfectionism (β = 0.21, p < 0.01) had a positive and significant effect on body dissatisfaction. The indirect effects of perfectionism and body dissatisfaction on eating attitudes through anxiety were also positive and significant. Moreover, perfectionism had a positive and significant indirect effect on anxiety through body dissatisfaction. Thus,these findings clearly indicate the mediating role of anxiety in the relationship between perfectionism and body dissatisfaction with eating attitudes, as well as the mediating role of body dissatisfaction in the relationship between perfectionism and anxiety. The measured model demonstrated a good fit (x2/df = 2.43, CFI = 0.97, RMSEA = 0.04, NFI = 0.98, IFI = 0.98, GFI = 0.96). These results indicate an acceptable fit of the measured model and the overall goodness of fit indices. Conclusion: Generally, The study's findings indicated that perfectionism, by influencing body dissatisfaction, leads to elevated levels of anxiety, which subsequently affects individuals' eating attitudes. In essence, various dimensions of perfectionism impose strict standards on individuals, thereby impacting their body dissatisfaction and anxiety levels. Furthermore, body dissatisfaction exacerbates anxiety, further influencing eating attitudes. Overall, the study highlights the intricate interplay between perfectionism, body dissatisfaction, and anxiety, and their combined impact on eating attitudes. Recognizing these interconnected factors can enhance our comprehension of eating attitudes and contribute to more effective clinical interventions. Educational programs aimed at raising awareness and improving perfectionism, body image, and eating attitudes among college students are recommended. Considering the strong correlation between anxiety and eating attitudes, training in emotional awareness and anxiety management could serve as effective preventive measures, enhancing overall well-being and therapeutic outcomes. Understanding these elements is vital for developing comprehensive preventive strategies and therapeutic approaches.
A
Fatemeh Askari Rostami; seyed Reza Javadian; Hossein Afrasiabi
Abstract
Objective: Adolescence marks a critical developmental period characterized by profound physical, emotional, and social transformations, which often correlate with engagement in risky behaviors, particularly risky sexual behavior. In Tehran, Iran, a context where sociocultural norms heavily shape adolescents' ...
Read More
Objective: Adolescence marks a critical developmental period characterized by profound physical, emotional, and social transformations, which often correlate with engagement in risky behaviors, particularly risky sexual behavior. In Tehran, Iran, a context where sociocultural norms heavily shape adolescents' behavioral patterns, understanding the drivers of risky sexual behavior is vital for designing culturally responsive interventions. This study employed a qualitative approach inquiry to explore the sociocultural determinants influencing adolescents' engagement in risky sexual behaviors in Tehran. By contextualizing these factors within the region’s unique cultural framework, the research aims to provide nuanced insights for developing a comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon within its specific context. Method: This study employed a qualitative design based on grounded theory, a method well-suited for exploring complex social phenomena. Data were collected through in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 24 adolescents (12 males and 12 females) aged 14 to 20 who had engaged in risky sexual behavior. Participants were selected using snowball sampling, a technique particularly effective for reaching hard-to-access populations. Data collection continued until theoretical saturation was achieved, ensuring that no new themes emerged from the interviews. The interviews, conducted in various settings such as parks, counseling centers, and hospitals, lasted between 25 to 111 minutes. Data analysis followed the grounded theory approach, involving three stages of coding: open, axial, and selective. This process allowed for the identification of key categories and the development of a paradigmatic model that illustrates the relationships between these categories. Results: The analysis revealed 13 main categories and 38 subcategories, organized into causal conditions, contextual conditions, intervening conditions, strategies, and consequences. Causal conditions included a lack of purpose in life and excessive parental control, which were found to drive adolescents toward risky behaviors. Contextual conditions encompassed perceived poverty, migration, and the pervasive influence of virtual spaces, particularly social media and internet content, which were identified as significant factors in shaping adolescent sexual behavior. Intervening conditions involved religious and cultural restrictions, stigmatization, and fear of social judgment, which acted as barriers or facilitators of risky behavior. Adolescents employed various strategies to navigate these conditions, such as seeking safe and secluded places for intimacy and striving for deeper connections with friends. The consequences of risky sexual behavior included fear of disclosure, severe family punishments, and legal repercussions such as police intervention. The core category emerging from the data was "socio-economic constraints," which played a central role in driving adolescents toward risky sexual behaviors. This category highlighted how economic hardship and social inequality create an environment where risky behaviors become a means of coping or seeking validation. Conclusion: This study provides a nuanced understanding of the cultural and social determinants of risky sexual behavior among adolescents in Tehran. The findings underscore the complex interplay of factors such as economic hardship, migration, virtual space, and cultural norms in shaping adolescent behavior. The research highlights the importance of addressing these factors through targeted interventions that focus on enhancing family intimacy, improving media literacy, and providing socio-economic support to adolescents. Additionally, the study emphasizes the need for psychological and emotional support for adolescents, particularly those experiencing feelings of isolation and lack of purpose. Creating supportive social environments and implementing educational programs that address the root causes of risky behavior are crucial for mitigating the risks associated with adolescent sexual behavior. The paradigmatic model developed in this study offers a framework for understanding the dynamics of risky sexual behavior and can inform future research and policy-making aimed at promoting adolescent well-being.
stress
Pegah Jokar; Mahdieh Rahmanian
Abstract
Objective: The present study aims to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) in improving cognitive regulation and enhancing the quality of life among women diagnosed with trichotillomania. Trichotillomania, a type of obsessive-compulsive disorder characterized by ...
Read More
Objective: The present study aims to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) in improving cognitive regulation and enhancing the quality of life among women diagnosed with trichotillomania. Trichotillomania, a type of obsessive-compulsive disorder characterized by the irresistible urge to pull out one's own hair, significantly affects the emotional, psychological, and social functioning of those affected. Given the chronic nature of the disorder and its negative impacts, this study explores the potential benefits of MBCT, a therapeutic approach that integrates mindfulness meditation with cognitive-behavioral strategies, to help individuals with trichotillomania better manage their thoughts, emotions, and overall well-being. Method: The research employed a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test/post-test structure and a 4-month follow-up, alongside a control group, to evaluate the impact of MBCT on women with trichotillomania. The study's sample included 30 women diagnosed with trichotillomania who sought counseling services at centers in Dorud County during the last quarter of 2023. These individuals were assessed by two clinical psychologists and diagnosed based on the criteria outlined in the DSM-5. The participants were then administered several psychological assessments, including the Massachusetts General Hospital Hairpulling Scale (1980) to measure the severity of hair-pulling behaviors, the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL) questionnaire (1990) to evaluate overall life satisfaction, and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) (Garnefski et al., 2001) to assess cognitive strategies for emotion regulation. The participants were purposefully selected and randomly assigned to either the experimental group (n=15) or the control group (n=15) using random assignment software. The experimental group received eight sessions of MBCT, based on the protocol developed by Segal et al. (2013), while the control group did not receive any specific intervention. The MBCT sessions focused on cultivating mindfulness, cognitive restructuring, and acceptance strategies to help participants manage their hair-pulling behavior, improve emotional regulation, and enhance their overall quality of life. Data were analyzed using Repeated Measures Analysis of Covariance (RM-ANCOVA) in SPSS version 26 to assess the significance of pre- and post-test differences in cognitive regulation and quality of life between the two groups. Results: The results of the study revealed that MBCT was significantly effective in improving cognitive regulation and enhancing the quality of life of women with trichotillomania. Statistical analysis demonstrated that the experimental group showed marked improvements in their ability to regulate emotions and manage distressing thoughts, as well as higher levels of overall life satisfaction when compared to the control group (p < 0.01). Participants in the experimental group exhibited a reduction in hair-pulling behaviors, better emotional regulation, and an improved sense of well-being. Moreover, the positive effects were maintained at the 4-month follow-up, suggesting that the benefits of MBCT were not only immediate but also sustained over time. Conclusion: This study underscores the potential of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as an effective intervention for women with trichotillomania. The findings suggest that MBCT can significantly improve cognitive regulation, reduce hair-pulling behaviors, and enhance the overall quality of life for individuals affected by this disorder. Given its focus on mindfulness and cognitive restructuring, MBCT offers a promising therapeutic approach for managing the complex emotional and behavioral challenges associated with trichotillomania. These results have important implications for both clinical practice and future research, as they support the use of MBCT as a viable and beneficial treatment option for individuals struggling with trichotillomania.
A
Fatemeh Bayanfar; Seyed Saeid Soleiman poor
Abstract
Objective: Sexual dysfunctions are a heterogeneous group of disorders that are usually characterized by a clinically significant disturbance in a person's ability to respond sexually or experience sexual pleasure. A person may have several sexual dysfunctions at the same time. Erectile dysfunctions and ...
Read More
Objective: Sexual dysfunctions are a heterogeneous group of disorders that are usually characterized by a clinically significant disturbance in a person's ability to respond sexually or experience sexual pleasure. A person may have several sexual dysfunctions at the same time. Erectile dysfunctions and hypoactive sexual desire disorder are discussed in this research. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of sexual cognitive behavioral therapy (SCBT) on sexual self-concept, sexual self-disclosure, erectile dysfunction, and hypoactive sexual desire disorder in patients with sexual dysfunction. Method: The present quasi-experimental study was designed with a pretest- posttest, a control group, and a one-month follow-up period. The statistical population of the study included male patients with an erectile disorder or hypoactive sexual desire disorder referring to specialized urology clinics located in district one of Tehran. Among the patients, 26 males with sexual dysfunctions were selected through the purposive sampling method and randomly accommodated into experimental and control groups (each containing 13 patients). The experimental group received ten 90-minute sessions of SCBT during 2.5 months, and the control group was placed on the waiting list. In this study, the applied questionnaires included the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) (Rosen et al., 1997), the Multidimensional Sexual Self-Concept Questionnaire (MSSCQ) (Snell, 1995), and the Sexual Self-Disclosure Scale (SSDS) (Snell, Belk & Clark, 1987). The data from the study were analyzed through the multivariate analysis of covariance and Bonferroni's post hoc test. Results: The results showed that SCBT in the post-test stage significantly increased positive
sexual self-concept (P ≤ 0.001), sexual self-disclosure (P ≤ 0.001), and sexual desire (P ≤ 0.001), with a significant reduction in erectile dysfunction (P ≤ 0.001), in patients with sexual dysfunctions. Conclusion: According to the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that SCBT can be used as an efficient intervention to improve sexual self-concept, sexual self-disclosure, erectile dysfunction, and hypoactive sexual desire disorder in male patients with sexual dysfunction. Sexual health is necessary and important for the physical and psychological health of people and the prevention of sexual diseases. Therefore, this treatment protocol, especially the parts of the anatomy of female and male sexual organs, normal and abnormal sexual desires, and familiarity with the sensitive points of the female body and men should be taught people to improve couples’ sexual health and the ability to enjoy sexual relations. Urologists should prescribe the use of this treatment protocol for these patients in addition to drug treatment.
A
samaneh someloo; Manijeh Firoozi; atefeh Arabi; hoda zaraj
Abstract
Objective: The present study aimed to systematically review psychological interventions for individuals diagnosed with prostate cancer. Prostate cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers among men worldwide, and its diagnosis and treatment often lead to significant psychological distress, including ...
Read More
Objective: The present study aimed to systematically review psychological interventions for individuals diagnosed with prostate cancer. Prostate cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers among men worldwide, and its diagnosis and treatment often lead to significant psychological distress, including anxiety, depression, and reduced quality of life. Addressing these psychological challenges is crucial for improving patients' overall well-being and treatment outcomes. This systematic review was conducted to identify and evaluate effective psychological interventions implemented for prostate cancer patients. Method: The research methodology involved a systematic search of international studies using keywords such as prostate cancer, psychological interventions, and systematic review. The search was conducted across several reputable databases, including Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Springer, PsycINFO, and ISI Web of Science. The review focused on studies published between 2015 and 2024 to ensure the inclusion of the most recent and relevant research. Studies were screened based on inclusion criteria, and selected articles underwent a thorough analysis to extract relevant data on psychological intervention strategies and their outcomes. Results: The findings of this systematic review identified five major psychological interventions commonly used for prostate cancer patients. These interventions include counseling, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), mindfulness-based interventions, support groups, and couple therapy. Each of these approaches plays a significant role in addressing the emotional and psychological needs of patients. Counseling was found to provide a supportive environment where patients could openly discuss their fears, concerns, and coping mechanisms with trained professionals. This intervention helps in reducing emotional distress and promotes psychological adjustment to the cancer diagnosis and treatment process. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) was identified as an effective approach in altering negative thought patterns and behaviors associated with anxiety and depression. CBT equips patients with coping strategies to manage stress, improve mood, and enhance overall psychological resilience. Mindfulness-based interventions, such as mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT), were shown to significantly reduce stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. These practices encourage patients to focus on the present moment and develop greater acceptance of their experiences, thereby improving their emotional well-being. Support groups emerged as a vital resource, offering patients a platform to share experiences, gain emotional support, and receive practical advice from peers undergoing similar challenges. Participation in support groups fosters a sense of community and belonging, which can alleviate feelings of isolation and enhance coping abilities. Couple therapy was highlighted as an important intervention for addressing relationship dynamics and communication issues that may arise due to the impact of prostate cancer on intimacy and partnership. This therapy aims to strengthen relationship bonds, improve mutual understanding, and provide strategies for joint coping with the disease. Overall, the systematic review underscores the importance of integrating psychological interventions into the comprehensive care of prostate cancer patients. These interventions not only mitigate psychological distress but also contribute to better treatment adherence and improved quality of life. Future research should focus on the development and evaluation of tailored psychological programs that address the diverse needs of prostate cancer patients at different stages of their treatment journey. Additionally, greater emphasis on culturally sensitive interventions and accessibility to psychological support services can further enhance patient outcomes. Conclusion: In conclusion, psychological interventions such as counseling, cognitive-behavioral therapy, mindfulness-based practices, support groups, and couple therapy are essential components of holistic care for individuals with prostate cancer. Implementing these strategies can significantly improve psychological well-being, emotional resilience, and overall quality of life for patients navigating the complexities of cancer diagnosis and treatment.
A
sara soori; afshin salahian; bita nasrolahi
Abstract
Objective: Chronic musculoskeletal pain includes local pain and referred pain that causes pain in the joints of different parts of the body. Chronic pain has negative and detrimental effects on the psychological and physical performance of patients and causes physical and mental problems for patients. ...
Read More
Objective: Chronic musculoskeletal pain includes local pain and referred pain that causes pain in the joints of different parts of the body. Chronic pain has negative and detrimental effects on the psychological and physical performance of patients and causes physical and mental problems for patients. Inactivity, excessive mental stress, excessive mental stress, and prolonged poor posture can all cause muscle strain that directly affects nerve endings, causing chronic pain. Although pain as a general sensation has biological bases, but because pain is affected by psychological and social factors in addition to biochemical factors. Recent models have examined pain in a multidimensional way and have emphasized the role of psychological factors in the process of pain perception. In this regard, the present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of emotion-oriented therapy and mindfulness therapy in improving self-efficacy, conflict in emotional expression, and pain perception in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain. Method: The research method in the present study was semi-experimental and a pre-test and post-test design was used along with the control group. The statistical population of the present study includes all patients suffering from chronic musculoskeletal pain in Tehran in 2022. Using the available sampling method, 60 people were randomly selected into 3 groups of 20 people: emotion-oriented treatment, mindfulness treatment and control were divided. Pain self-efficacy, emotional conflict and disease perception questionnaires were used to collect data. Analysis of covariance test and SPSS statistical software were used for data analysis. Results: The results showed that emotion-oriented and mindfulness therapy has a significant effect on improving self-efficacy, emotion expression conflict, and pain perception, and these results were still stable in the 3-month follow-up (p<0.05). Comparing the effect of the two intervention methods, the results of the Sheffeh test showed that the effect of emotion-oriented treatment on the conflict of emotion expression and pain perception was significantly higher than that of mindfulness treatment (p<0.05). The results of the Scheffe test show that there is no statistically significant difference between the two experimental groups and the control group in the pain self-efficacy scores (p<0.05), and in other words, the effect of the two methods was almost the same; However, the effect of the treatment on the emotional expression variable had a statistically significant difference (p<0.05). So, it can be said that the emotion-oriented treatment had a greater effect than the mindfulness treatment. Also, the results of the Shefeh test showed that the effect of emotion-oriented treatment on patients' pain perception had a statistically significant difference (p<0.05), in other words, the effect of emotion-oriented treatment on the pain perception variable was greater than that of mindfulness treatment. Conclusion: Based on the findings, it can be concluded to help improve self-efficacy, emotional expression conflict and pain perception of patients with chronic pain, emotion-oriented and pain mindfulness treatment is effective and it is recommended due to the higher effect of emotion-oriented treatment intervention in improving conflict expression Emotion and pain perception of chronic pain patients should use this intervention method.
