Document Type : Scientific Research
Authors
1 Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
2 M.A. of General Psychology, Tehran South Branch, Tehran, Iran.
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the components of personality, rumination and self-compassion in patients with myasthenia gravis and normal individuals. The present study is of applied and causal-comparative type. Method: The statistical population included all patients with myasthenia gravis disorder in Tehran. Using available sampling method, 100 patients (50 patients with myasthenia gravis and 50 healthy individuals) were considered. Research tools included the Neo Personality Inventory (Costa and McCriff 1985), the Ruminant Inventory Inventory (Nolen-Hooksma, 1991), and the Self-Compassion Scale (Neff and Bratos, 2003). One-way analysis of variance was used to analyze the data. Findings: The results showed that there was a significant difference between patients with myasthenia gravis and healthy individuals in terms of personality components, rumination and self-compassion (P <0.01). Conclusion: Therefore, trying to study rumination and disturbed psyche can be an important step to improve the mental health of myasthenia gravis patients
Keywords
حق‌شناس، ح. چمنی، ا. فیروزآبادی، ع. (1385). مقایسه ویژگی‌های شخصیتی و سلامت روان دانش آموزان دبیرستان‌های تیزهوشان و دبیرستان‌های عادی. فصلنامه اصول بهداشت بهداشت روانی،8(29)، 66-57.
نوفرستی، ا. پرهون، ه. (1393). مقایسه انعطاف‌ناپذیری شناختی و سبک‌های حل مسئله در دانشجویان دارای نشخوار فکری و بدون نشخوار فکری. فصلنامه تازه‌های علوم شناختی، 16(3)، 35-48.
Afrisham, R., Sadegh-Nejadi, S., SoliemaniFar, O., Abromand, M., Kooti, W., Najjar Asl, S., & Khaneh Keshi, A. (2015). Evaluating the salivary alpha-amylase level under psychological stress and its relationship with rumination and the five personality traits. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, 25(126), 22-33.
Amy, A. T., Schinke, R. J., McGannon, K. R., & Fisher, L. A. (2015). Cultural sport psychology research: conceptions, evolutions, and forecasts. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 8(1), 24-43.
Bennett, E. V., Crocker, P. R., Kowalski, K. C., & Clarke, L. H. (2015). Older physically active women's perceptions and experiences of body self-compassion. Journal of Exercise, Movement, and Sport, 47(1), 151.
Berrih-Aknin, S., Frenkian-Cuvelier, M., & Eymard, B. (2014). Diagnostic
and clinical classification of autoimmune myasthenia gravis. Journal of autoimmunity, 48, 143-148.
Bogdan, A., Barnett, C., Ali, A., AlQwaifly, M., Abraham, A., Mannan, S., ... & Bril, V. (2020). Prospective study of stress, depression and personality in myasthenia gravis relapses. BMC neurology, 20(1), 1-6.
Brion, J. M., Leary, M. R., & Drabkin, A. S. (2014). Self-compassion and reactions to serious illness: The case of HIV. Journal of Health Psychology, 19(2), 218–229.
Buining, E. M., Kooijman, M. K., Swinkels, I. C., Pisters, M. F., & Veenhof, C. (2015). Exploring physiotherapists’ personality traits that may influence treatment outcome in patients with chronic diseases: a cohort study. BMC health services research, 15(1), 558.
Buss, A. H., & Plomin, R. (2014). Temperament (PLE: Emotion): Early developing personality traits (Vol. 3). Psychology Press.
Cameron, D. S., Bertenshaw, E. J., & Sheeran, P. (2015). The impact of positive affect on health cognitions and behaviours: a meta-analysis of the experimental evidence. Health psychology review, 9(3), 345-365.
Campos, D., Cebolla, A., Quero, S., Breton-Lopez, J., Botella, C., Soler, J., Garcia-Campayo, J., Demarzo, M., Banos, R. (2015). Meditation and happiness: Mindfulness and self- compassion may mediate the meditation– happiness relationship , Personality and Individual Differences,4, 2-6.
Chamorro, B., Moutafy, M., & Farenham, A. (2005). Psychological characteristics of academically gifted and regular stuidents. American council on university of Nebraska-Lincoln.
Chapman, B. P., van Wijngaarden, E., Seplaki, C. L., Talbot, N., Duberstein, P., & Moynihan, J. (2011). Openness and conscientiousness predict 34-SSweek patterns of Interleukin-6 in older persons. Brain, behavior, and immunity, 25(4), 667-673.
Hakulinen, C., Elovainio, M., Batty, G. D., Virtanen, M., Kivimäki, M., & Jokela, M. (2015). Personality and alcohol consumption: Pooled analysis of 72,949 adults from eight cohort studies. Drug and alcohol dependence, 151, 110-114.
Jokela, M., Batty, G. D., Nyberg, S. T., Virtanen, M., Nabi, H., Singh-Manoux, A., & Kivimäki, M. (2013). Personality and all-cause mortality: individual-participant meta-analysis of 3,947 deaths in 76,150 adults. American journal of epidemiology, 178(5), 667-675.
Jones, D. N., & Paulhus, D. L. (2014). Introducing the short dark triad (SD3) a brief measure of dark personality traits. Assessment, 21(1), 28-41.
Krause, E. D., Vélez, C. E., Woo, R., Hoffmann, B., Freres, D. R., Abenavoli, R. M., & Gillham, J. E. (2018). Rumination, depression, and gender in early adolescence: a longitudinal study of a bidirectional model. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 38(7), 923-946.
Löckenhoff, C. E., Sutin, A. R., Ferrucci, L., & Costa Jr, P. T. (2008). Personality traits and subjective health in the later years: The association between NEO-PI-R and SF-36 in advanced age is influenced by health status. Journal of Research in Personality, 42(5), 1334-1346.
Mao, Z. F., Yang, L. X., Mo, X. A., Qin, C., Lai, Y. R., He, N. Y., ... & Hackett, M. L. (2011). Frequency of autoimmune diseases in myasthenia gravis: a systematic review. International Journal of Neuroscience, 121(3), 121-129.
McLaughlin, K. A., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2011). Rumination as a transdiagnostic factor in depression and anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49(3), 186-193.
Munafo, M. R., Zetteler, J. I., & Clark, T. G. (2007). Personality and smoking status: A meta-analysis. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 9(3), 405-413.
Neff, K. D., & Germer, C. K. (2013). A pilot study and randomized controlled trial of the mindful self-compassion program. Journal of clinical psychology, 69(1), 28-44.
Neff, K. D., & McGeehee, P. (2010). Selfcompassion and psychological resilience among adolescents and young adults. Self and Identity, 9, 225-240.
Neff, K. D., Kirkpatrick, K. L., & Rude, S. S. (2007). Self-compassion and adaptive psychological functioning. Journal of Research in Personality, 41, 139-154
Nolen-Hoeksema, s., Michl, L., McLaughlin, K. A. & Shepherd, K. (2013). Rumination as a Mechanism Linking Stressful Life Events to Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety: Longitudinal Evidence in in early adolescents and adults. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, Vol 122(2), 339-352.
Papageorgiou, C., & Wells, A. (2003). An empirical test of a clinical metacognitive model of rumination and depression. Cognitive therapy and research, 27(3), 261-273.
Roger, V. L. (2013). Epidemiology of heart failure. Circulation research , 113(6), 646-659.
Shen, C. C., Yang, A. C., Kuo, B. I. T., & Tsai, S. J. (2015). Risk of psychiatric disorders following primary Sjögren syndrome: a nationwide population-based retrospective cohort study. The Journal of rheumatology, 42(7), 1203-1208.
Sieb, J. P. (2014). Myasthenia gravis: an update for the clinician. Clinical & Experimental Immunology, 175(3), 408-418.
Siegle, G. J., Price, R. B., Jones, N. P., Ghinassi, F., Painter, T., & Thase, M. E. (2014). You gotta work at it: Pupillary indices of task focus are prognostic for response to a neurocognitive intervention for rumination in depression. Clinical Psychological Science, 2(4), 455-471.
Sirois, F. M., & Hirsch, J. K. (2019). Self-compassion and adherence in five medical samples: The role of stress. Mindfulness, 10(1), 46-54.
Skues, J. L., Williams, B., & Wise, L. (2012). The effects of personality traits, self-esteem, loneliness, and narcissism on Facebook use among university students. Computers in Human Behavior, 28(6), 2414-2419.
Strickhouser, J. E., Zell, E., & Krizan, Z. (2017). Does personality predict health and well-being? A metasynthesis. Health Psychology , 36(8), 797.
Verschuuren, J. J., Huijbers, M. G., Plomp, J. J., Niks, E. H., Molenaar, P. C., Martinez-Martinez, P., ... & Losen, M. (2013). Pathophysiology of myasthenia gravis with antibodies to the acetylcholine receptor, muscle-specific kinase and low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4. Autoimmunity reviews, 12(9), 918-923.
Wagner, E. Y. N., Ajdacic-Gross, V., Glaus, J., Vandeleur, C., Castelao, E., Strippoli, M. P., ... & von Känel, R. (2019). Associations of personality traits with chronic low-grade inflammation in a Swiss community sample. Frontiers in psychiatry, 10, 819.
Watkins, E. R. (2009). Depressive rumination and comorbidity: evidence for brooding as a trans diagnostic process. Journal of Rational-Emotional Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 27, 160-175.
Wren, A. A., Somers, T. J., Wright, M. A., Huh, B. K., Rogers, L. L., & Keefe, F. J. (2012). Self-Compassion in Patients With Persistent Musculoskeletal Pain: Relationship of Self- Compassion to Adjustment to Persistent Pain. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 3 (4), 759-770.
Wright, A. G. C., Pincus, A. L., Hopwood, C. J., Thomas, K. M., Markon, K. E., & Krueger, R. F. (2012). An interpersonal analysis of pathological personality traits in DSM-5. Assessment, 19, 263-275.
Yamamoto, A., Kimura, T., Watanabe, S., & Yoshikawa, H. (2019). Clinical characteristics of patients with myasthenia gravis accompanied by psychiatric disorders. Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience, 7(2), 65-70.
Yarnell, L. M., Stafford, R. E., Neff, K. D., Reilly, E. D., Knox, M. C., & Mullarkey, M. (2015). Meta-analysis of gender differences in self-compassion. Self and Identity, 14(5), 499-520.
Zeidner, M., & Shani-Zinovich, I. (2011). Do academically gifted and nongifted students differ on the Big-Five and adaptive status? Some recent data and conclusions. Personality and Individual Differences, 51(5), 566-570.
Zhang, B., Tzartos, J. S., Belimezi, M., Ragheb, S., Bealmear, B., Lewis, R. A., ... & Mei, L. (2012). Autoantibodies to lipoprotein-related protein 4 in patients with double-seronegative myasthenia gravis. Archives of neurology, 69(4), 445-451.
)