Document Type : Scientific Research
Authors
1 Associate Professor of General Psychology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
2 M.A. of Psychology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran.
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the Relationship between cyberspace Addiction and eating problems whit The Moderating Role of Self-Compassion in secondary school students. Method: The method of this research is correlational. The statistical population of this study is the eleventh and twelfth grade female students of Nowshahr city, from which 148 people were selected using the Krejcie and Morgan table by cluster sampling and They completed Kagan and Squires Compulsive Eating Scale, Addiction to Mobile-Based Social Networks questionnaire and Raes et al. Self-Compassion Scale Short Form. Findings: Descriptive indices such as mean and standard deviation were used for path analysis. Statistical results have shown that the indirect effect of eating problems due to cyberspace addiction is significant, also the indirect effect of eating problems due to positive and negative self-compassion is significant. Conclusion: The results showed that self-compassion has a moderating role in the relationship between cyberspace addiction and eating problems.
Keywords
ابراهیم‌زاده موسوی، محمد؛ محمدخانی، پروانه؛ انصاری، نگین؛ اکبری اصفهانی، امیر؛ امین الرعایا یمینی، سارا و ریگی کوته، بهزاد (1396). هم بودی اختلال خوردن و اختلال بدشکلی بدن و هم‌بستگی آن با نشانگان آسیب‌شناسی روانی. مجله علمی پژوهشی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی سبزوار، 25(3)، 389-398.
پورجابری، بهناز و دشت بزرگی، زهرا (1398). اثربخشی طرحواره درمانی بر اختلال خوردن و نشخوار فکری دختران نوجوان چاق شهر. سلامت جامعه، 13(1)، 1-10.
خدارحم‌زاده، نیلوفر. احمدی، رؤیا. عفری، محمود. مدملی، یعقوب. (1395). بررسی رابطه بین اعتیاد به اینترنت و چاقی دانش‌آموزان ایرانی: مرور سیستماتیک. همایش کشوری آموزش و خدمات سلامت فرد، خانواده و جامعه. کمیته تحقیقات دانشجویی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی جندی‌شاپور، اهواز، ایران.
سعیدی‌نژاد، زهرا (1398). بررسی رابطه اختلال خوردن با ویژگی‌های دموگرافیک در بیماران اسکیزوفرنی در بیمارستان آموزشی - درمانی
روان‌پزشکی بهاران در سال 1397. پایان‌نامه پزشکی عمومی. دانشگاه علوم پزشکی زاهدان.
شریفی ساکی، شیدا؛ علی پور، احمد؛ آقا یوسفی؛ علیرضا؛ محمدی، محمدرضا و غباری بناب، باقر (1398). رابطه بین شفقت به خود با افسردگی زنان مبتلابه سرطان پستان با میانجی‌گری اضطراب مرگ. فصلنامه علمی- پژوهشی روانشناسی سلامت، 8(29)، 52-67.
شهابی‌نژاد، زهرا؛ زندی، سعید و عزیزمحمدی، ساناز (1396). نقش شفقت خود و حمایت اجتماعی ادراک‌شده در پیش‌بینی اعتیاد اینترنتی دانشجویان. دانش و پژوهش در روانشناسی کاربردی، 18(2)، 80-91.
طاهرپور، مریم. سهرابی، احمد. زمستانی، مهدی (1398). اثربخشی درمان متمرکز بر شفقت بر نشانگان افسردگی، اضطراب، استرس و خودکارآمدی وزن در افراد مبتلابه اختلال خوردن. دانشگاه علوم پزشکی سبزوار، 26(4)، 505-513.
عبدل‌پور، قاسم؛ شالچی، بهزاد؛ حمزه زاده، سیروان و صالحی، علی (1398). نقش واسطه‌گری عزت‌نفس در رابطه شفقت به خود و دشواری در تنظیم هیجان با اعتیاد به اینترنت. فصلنامه علمی پژوهشی شناخت، 6(3)، 129-143.
کچویی، محسن و شاهمرادی، سحر (1398). رابطه نمایه‌ی توده‌ی بدنی با قدردانی از بدن و نشانه‌های اختلال‌های خوردن: نقش تعدیل‌کننده‌ی خود شفقتی در دختران دانشجو. مجله دیابت و متابولیسم ایران، 19(2)، 103-113.
مظفری، شهباز؛ سپهوندی، محمدعلی و غضنفری، فیروزه (1398). بررسی برخی همبسته‌های آسیب‌شناختی روانی اعتیاد به اینترنت در دانش‌آموزان دبیرستان‌های یاسوج. ارمغان دانش، 24(۲)، ۲۴۷-۲۶۱.
نجارنصب، سمیه و دشت بزرگی، زهرا (1398). تأثیر مصاحبه انگیزشی بر سبک زندگی ارتقاء دهنده سلامت و فشارخون زنان مبتلابه اختلال خوردن. فصلنامه علمی- پژوهشی روانشناسی سلامت، 8(31)، 103-118.
Adams CE, Leary MR. (2007). Promoting self–compassionate attitudes toward eating among restrictive and guilty eaters. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 26: 1120-44.
Albertson, E. R. & Neff, K. D. & Dill-Shackleford, K. E. (2015). Self-Compassion and Body Dissatisfaction in Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Brief Meditation Intervention, mindfulness, 14, 27- 37.
Alpaslan AH, Kocak U, Avci K, Uzel-Tas H. (2015). The association between internet addiction and disordered eating attitudes among Turkish high school students. Eat Weight Disor, 20, 441-448.
Arch JJ, Brown KW, Dean DJ, Landy LN, Brown KD, Laudenslager ML. (2014). Self-compassion training modulates alpha amylase, heart rate variability, and subjective responses to social evaluative threat in women. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 42, 49-58.
Ayran, G., Süleyman, Z., Avcı, Ü., & Arık, U. (2021). The effect of Internet addiction on eating attitude and body image in university students. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing. 34 (3), 199-205
Bozkurt, H.; Özer, S.; Sahin, S.; Sönmezgöz, E. (2018). Internet use patterns and Internet addiction in children and adolescents with obesity. Pediatric obesity. 13, 301–306.
Braun, T. D. Park, C. L. Gorin, A. (2016). Self-compassion, body image, and disordered eating: A review of the literature. Body Image. 17: 117-131.
Breines, J. Toole, A. Tu, C. Chen, S. (2014). Self-compassion, body image, and selfreported disordered eating. Self and Identity, 13, 432–448.
Buran, Ö.; Dogan, A. (2019). The Relationship between Social Media Addiction and Self-Esteem among Turkish University Students. Addicta Turk. J. Addict, 6, 175–190.
Burnay, J. Billieux, J. Blairy, S. Larøi, F. (2015). Which psychological factors influence Internet addiction? Evidence through an integrative model. Computers in Human Behavior, 43, 28–34.
Chae, J. (2018). Reexamining the relationship between social media and happiness: The effects of various social media platforms on reconceptualised happiness. Telemat. Inform, 35, 1656–1664.
De Vries, Dian A., A. Marthe Möller, Marieke S. Wieringa, Anniek W. Eigenraam, and Kirsten Hamelink. (2018). Social comparison as the thief of joy: Emotional consequences of viewing strangers’ Instagram posts. Media psychology 21, 2: 222-245.
Derenne J, Beresin E (2018) Body image, media, and eating disorders a 10-year update. Acad Psychiatry, 42(1):129–134.
Eliacik, K.; Bolat, N.; Koçyigit, C.; Kanik, A.; Selkie, E.; Yilmaz, H.; Catli, G.; Dundar, N.O.; Dundar, B.N. (2016). Internet addiction, sleep and health-related life quality among obese individuals: A comparison study of the growing problems in adolescent health. Eat. Weight Disord, 21, 709–717.
Ferreira C, Pinto-Gouveia J, Duarte C. (2013). Self-compassion in the face of shame and body image dissatisfaction: Implications for eating disorders. Eating behavior, 14(2): 207-10.
Fresnics, A. A., Wang, S. B., & Borders, A. (2019). The unique associations between self-compassion and eating disorder psychopathology and the mediating role of rumination. Psychiatry research, 274, 91-97.
Gilbert P. (2014). The origins and nature of compassion focused therapy. British Journal of Clinical Psychology. 53(1):6-41.
Gonçalves RFdM, Barreto DdA, Monteiro PI, Zangeronimo MG, Castelo PM, van der Bilt A, Pereira LJ (2019) Smartphone use while eating increases caloric ingestion. Physiol Behavior, 15(204):93–99.
Griffiths, M. (2000). Does Internet and computer “addiction” exist? Some case study evidence. Cyberpsychol Behavior. 3(2), 211–218.
Hinojo-Lucena, F. J., Aznar-Díaz, I., Cáceres-Reche, M. P., Trujillo-Torres, J. M., & Romero-Rodríguez, J. M. (2019). Problematic Internet Use as a Predictor of Eating Disorders in Students: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Study. Nutrients, 11(9), 2151.
Holland, G. Tiggemann, M. (2016). A systematic review of the impact of the use of social networking sites on body image and disordered eating outcomes. Body Image, 17, 100–110.
Holtham, T. & Dyck, M. (2014). The positive impact of selfcompassion on disordered eating and associated risk factors. Journal of Eating Disorders, 2(1): 4- 12.
Ivezaj, V. Potenza, M. N. Grilo, C. M. & White, M. A. (2017). An exploratory examination of at-risk/problematic Internet use and disordered eating in adults. Addictive Behaviors, 64, 301–307.
Kartal, F. T., & Ayhan, N. Y. (2020). Relationship between eating disorders and internet and smartphone addiction in college students. Eating and Weight Disorders-Studies on Anorexia. Bulimia and Obesity, 1-10.
Kim SE, Kim JW, Jee YS (2015) Relationship between smartphone addiction and physical activity in Chinese international students in Korea. J Behav Addict. 4(3):200–205.
Kim Y, Park JYY, Kim SBB et al (2010) The effects of Internet addiction on the lifestyle and dietary behavior of Korean adolescents. Nutr Res Pract, 4:51–57.
Kuss DJ, Griffiths MD. (2011). Online social networking and addiction a review of the psychological literature. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 8:3528-3552.
McLean SA, Paxton SJ, (2016). Wertheim EH. The role of media literacy in body dissatisfaction and disordered eating: A systematic review. Body image. 19:9-23.
Neff, K. D., & Dahm, K. A. (2015). Selfcompassion: What it is, what it does, and how it relates to mindfulness Handbook of mindfulness and self regulation (pp. 121-137): Springer.
Neff, K.D. (2003). The development and validation of a scale to measure self-compassion. Self and identity. 2: 223-50.
Neff, K.D. Rude SS, Kirkpatrick KL. (2007). An examination of self-compassion in relation to positive psychological functioning and personality traits. Journal of research in personality, 41, 908-16.
Ntwengabarumije, F. Gingras, N. Bélanger, R.E. (2017). Influence of the internet on eating disorders in teenagers. Soins. Psychiatr. 38, 21–24.
Oved, I. Vaiman, I.M. Hod, K. Mardy-Tilbor, L. Torban, Y. Dagan, S.S. (2017). Poor Health Behaviors Prior to Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy Surgery. Obes. Surg. 27, 469–475.
Panea-Pizarro, I., López-Espuela, F., Martos-Sánchez, A., Domínguez-Martín, A. T., Beato-Fernández, L., & Moran-García, J. M. (2020). Internet addiction and Facebook addiction in Spanish women with eating disorders. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 34(6), 442-448.
Quesnel, D. A., Cook, B., Murray, K., & Zamudio, J. (2018). Inspiration or thinspiration: the association among problematic internet use, exercise dependence, and eating disorder risk. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 16(5), 1113-1124.
Rodgers RF, Melioli T, Laconi S et al (2013) Internet addiction symptoms, disordered eating, and body image avoidance. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw 16:56–60.
Roustaee R, Djazayery A, Hajifaraji M, Jazayeri S, Mehrabi Y. (2014). Assessing the Major Dietary Patterns and Their Relation with Eating Disorders in Female Adolescents of Tehran. Iran J Nutr Sci Food Tech. 9(3): 21-31.
Rozgonjuk, D. Elhai, J.D. Täht, K. Vassil, K. Levine, J.C. Asmundson, G.J.G. (2019). Non-social smartphone use mediates the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and problematic smartphone use: Evidence from a repeated measures study. Comput. Hum. Behav, 96, 56–62.
Said, M.A. Abdelmoneem, M. Almaqhawi, A. Hamid-Kotob, A.A. Alibrahim, M.C. Bougmiza, I. (2018). Multidisciplinary approach to obesity: Aerobic or resistance physical exercise? J. Exerc. Sci. Fit. 16, 118–123.
Schnepper, R., Reichenberger, J. Blechert, J. (2020). Being my own companion in times of social isolation–A 14-day mobile self-compassion intervention improves stress levels and eating behavior. Frontiers in Psychology, 11.
Selby EA, Wonderlich SA, Crosby RD, Engel SG, Panza E, Mitchell JE, et al. (2013). Nothing tastes as good as thin feels: Low positive emotion differentiation and weight loss activities in anorexia nervosa. Clinical Psychological Science, 2, 514-31.
Serpell, L. Amey R. Kamboj. S. K. (2020). The role of self-compassion and self-criticism in binge eating behavior. Appetite. 144(1): 1-11.
Sholeha L. (2014). Correlation eating behaviour and body mass index in SMP YMJ Ciputat adolescents. (Dissertation) Jakarta: Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta.
Smith AR, Zuromski KL, Dodd DR. (2018). Eating disorders and suicidality: what we know, what we don’t know, and suggestions for future research. Current opinion in psychology, 22, 63-7.
Smith, A. R., Hames, J. L. Joiner, T. E. (2013). Status update: Maladaptive Facebook usage predicts increases in body dissatisfaction and bulimic symptoms. Journal of Affective Disorders, 149(1–3), 235–240.
Straus, A. D. (2011). The relationship between self-compassion and disordered eating behaviors: Body dissatisfaction, perfectionism, and contingent self worth as mediators. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. The University of Texas at Austin.
Tang CS, Koh YY. (2017). Online social networking addiction among college students in Singapore: comorbidity with behavioral addiction and affective disorder. Asian Journal Psychiatr, 25,175- 178.
Tao ZL, Liu Y (2009) Is there a relationship between internet dependence and eating disorders? A comparison study of internet dependents and non-internet dependents. Eat Weight Disord, 14:77–83.
Tsitsika A, Critselis E, Janikian M et al (2011) Association between internet gambling and problematic internet use among adolescents. Journal Gambl Stud, 27, 389–400.
Urquhart CS, Mihalynuk TV. (2011). Disordered eating in women: implications for the obesity pandemic. Can J Diet Pract Res, 72, 115-25.
Vadher, S.B. Panchal, B.N. Vala, A.U. Ratnani, I.J. Vasava, K.J. Desai, R.S. Shah, A.H. (2019). Predictors of problematic Internet use in school going adolescents of Bhavnagar. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 65, 151–157.
Velasquez, J.A. Meza, J.E. Smedts, C. Llerena, E.V. Rivera, D.V. Yupanqui, D.M. Huambo, A.C. (2015). Associated factors to eating disorders in first year students of biomedical careers. Nutricion Clínica Dietetca Hospitalaria, 35:17–26.
Webb JB. a Forman MJ... (2013). Evaluating the indirect effect of self-compassion on binge eating severity throughcognitive affective self-regulatory pathways. Eating behaviors, 14, 224-28.
Xiang M-Q, Lin L, Wang Z-R, Li J, Xu Z, Hu M (2019) Sedentary behavior and problematic smartphone use in chinese adolescents: the moderating role of self-control. Front Psychol, 10, 3032.
Yildirim, M. S. Sevincer, G. M. Kandeger, A. Afacan, C. (2018). Investigation of the relationship between risk of Internet addiction, food addiction, and self-esteem in high school students. The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences. 31, 187-194.
)