In collaboration with Payame Noor University and Iranian Health Psychology Association

Document Type : Scientific Research

Authors

1 Department of Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardebil, Iran

2 Assistant Professor of Psychology, University of Maragheh

3 University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran

Abstract

Objective: Patients with type 2 diabetes had low levels of associated psychological well-being, which may exacerbate their symptoms. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between psychological hardiness, sense of cohesion, and coping strategies with psychological well-being in patients with type 2diabetes. Method: In this descriptive-correlational study, 120 patients with type 2 diabetic who referred to the diabetes clinic of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Ardabil in the first half of 2019 were selected as the target sample and evaluated. Data collection tools consisted of Psychological Well-being Scale (Ryff, 1989), Hardiness (Kobasa, 1979), 13-item Cohesion Sense Questionnaire (Antonovsky, 1987), and Coping Strategies (Lazarus & Folkman, 1985). Data analysis was performed using Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis. Findings: There were a positive and significant relationship between the psychological well-being of patients with type 2 diabetes with psychological hardiness (β=0/36: p<0/001), sense of cohesion (β=0/53: p<0/003), and problem-based coping strategy (β=0/12: p<0/03), and negative and significant relationship with emotion-based coping strategy (β=-0/43: p<0/001). Psychological hardiness, sense of cohesion, and coping strategies predicted 76% of the variance in psychological well-Being scores of patients with type 2 diabetes (p<0/01). Conclusion:According to the findings, psychological hardiness, sense of cohesion, and coping strategies are associated with the psychological well-being of patients with type 2 diabetes and can explain one's attitude toward illness. Therefore, educating patients to empower them in these areas is recommended.

Keywords

 
برقی ایرانی، ز؛ رجبی، م؛ ناظمی، م و بگیان کوله­مرز، م. ج. (1396). «نقش سبک زندگی، سرمایه‌های روانشناختی و رفتارهای خودمراقبتی در پیش‌بینی بهزیستی ذهنی سالمندان دیابتی». فصلنامه علمی- پژوهشی روانشناسی سلامت، 6(23): 17-38.
بیانی، ع. ا؛ کوچکی، ع. م و بیانی، ع. (1387). «روایی و پایایی مقیاس بهزیستی روانشناختی ریف». مجله روانپزشکی و روانشناسی بالینی ایران، 14(2): 146-151.
حسن­زاده، پ؛ علی‌اکبری دهکردی، م و خمسه، ا. (1391). «حمایت اجتماعی و راهبردهای مقابله­ای در بیماران مبتلا به دیابت نوع دو». فصلنامه علمی-پژوهشی روانشناسی سلامت، 1(2):12-21.
خان­محمدی، ا؛ عباسی، ق و رحمانی جوانمرد، س. (1396). «بررسی مقایسه­ای خوددلسوزی، انعطاف­پذیری شناختی و حس انسجام در افراد مبتلا به دیابت و افراد سالم». فصلنامه روانشناسی تربیتی، 8(3): 86-96.
دلاور، ع. (1396). روش تحقیق در روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی. تهران: نشر ویرایش.
رجبی دماوندی، گ؛ پوشنه، ک و غباری بناب، ب. (1388). «رابطه­ی ویژگی­های شخصیتی و راهبردهای مقابله­ای در والدین کودکان با اختلال­های گستره اوتیسم». پژوهش در حیطه‌ی کودکان استثنایی، 9(2): 133-144.
رحیمی، ر و سلیمی بجستانی، ح. (1396). «عوامل شخصیتی و راهبردهای مقابله‌ای مبتنی بر حل مسأله و هیجان در افراد سالم و مبتلا به دیابت نوع 2». مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی خراسان شمالی، 9(1): 75-88.
سدیدی، م و یمینی، م. (1397). «پیش‌بینی بهزیستی روان‌شناختی بر اساس راهبردهای مقابله‌ای و ناگویی هیجانی». فصلنامه علمی مطالعات روانشناختی، 14(2): 125-141.
مظلوم بفرویی، ن؛ شمس اسفندآباد، ح؛ جلالی، م. ر؛ افخمی اردکانی، م و دادگری، آ. (1394). «رابطه بین تاب‌آوری و سرسختی روانشناختی در مبتلایان به دیابت ۲ شهر یزد». مجله علمی پژوهشی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد، 23(2): 1858-1865.
نصیری، س؛ عسگری­زاده، ق و فضیلت­پور، م. (1395). «نقش راهبردهای تنظیم شناختی هیجان، سرسختی روانشناختی و خوش­بینی در پیش­بینی اضطراب مرگ زنان در سه‌ماهه سوم بارداری». نشریه روان پرستاری، 4(6): 49-57.
 
Antonovsky, A. (1987). The Jossey-Bass social and behavioral science series and the Jossey-Bass health series. Unraveling the mystery of health: How people manage stress and stay well. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Antonovsky, A. (1993). The structure and properties of the sense of coherence scale. Social Science & Medicine, 36 (6):725-733.
Barnard, K.D., Peyrot, M., & Holt, R.I. (2012). Psychosocial support for people with diabetes: past, present future. Diabetic Medicine, 29(11): 1358-1360.
Burns, R.J., Deschênes, S.S., & Schmitz, N. (2016). Associations between coping strategies and mental health in individuals with type 2 diabetes: Prospective analyses. Health Psychology, 35(1):78.
Chen, Y.L. Weng, S.F., Yang, C.Y., Wang, J.J., & Tien, K.J. (2019). Diabetic ketoacidosis further increases risk of Alzheimer’s disease in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 147: 55-61. 
Debono, M., & Cachia, E. (2007). The impact of diabetes on psychological well- being and quality of life. The role of patient education. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 6(12): 545-555.
Gafvels, C., & Wandell, P.E. (2006). Coping strategies in men and women with type 2 diabetes in Swedish primary care. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 71(3): 280–289.
Grevenstein, D., & Bluemke, M. (2015). Can the big five explain the criterion validity of sense of coherence for mental health, life satisfaction, and personal distress? Personality and Individual Differences, 77: 106–111.
Gustems-Carnicer, J., & Calderon, C. (2013). Coping strategies and psychological well-being among teacher education students. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 28 (4): 1127-1140.
Hashemi, S.H., Ahadi, H., & Azad Yekta, M. (2017). Relationship between psychological hardiness and self-efficacy in patients with type 2 diabetes: (The mediating role of self-esteem and social support) using structural equation modeling. European Online Journal and Natural and Social Sciences, 6(2): 273-287.
Hojman, D.A., Miranda, A. (2018). Agency, human dignity, and subjective well-being. World Development, 101:1-15.
Horsburgh, V.A., Schermer, J.A., Veselka, L., Vernon, P.A. (2008). A behavioral genetic study of mental toughness and personality. Personality and Individual Difference, 46(2): 100-105.
Kase,T., Endo, S., & Oishi, K. (2016). Process linking social support to mental health through a sense of coherence in Japanese university students. Mental Health & Prevention, 4(3): 124-129.
Kobasa, S.C. (1979). Stressful life events, personality and health: An inquiry into hardiness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37: 1-11.
Lazarus, R.S., & Folkman, S. (1987). Transactional theory and research on emotions and coping. European Journal of Personality,1(3):141-169.
Lazarus, S.R. (2000). Toward better research on stress and coping. American Psychologist, 55(6): 665–673.
Lindblad, C., Sandelin, K., Petersson, L.M., Rohani, C., & Langius-EKlof, A. (2016). Stability of item sense of coherence (SOC) scale: a longitudinal prospective study in women for breast cancer. Quality of Life Research, 25(3): 753-760.
Luhmann, M. (2017). Using big data to study subjective well-being. Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, 18: 28-33.
Lustig, D.C., Rosenthal, D.A., Strauser, D.R., & Haynes, K. (2000). The relationship between sense of coherence and adjustment in persons with disabilities. Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, 43 (3):134 - 141.
Mahammadzadeh, A.,  Poursharifi,  H., & Alipour, A. (2010). Validation of sense of coherence (SOC) 13- item scale in Iranian sample. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 5:1451–1455.
Massey, C.N., Feig, E.H., Duque-Serrano, L., Wexler, D., Moskowitz, J.T., & Huffman, J.C. (2019). Well-being interventions for individuals with diabetes: A systematic review. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 147:118-133.
Mocan, A.S., Iancu, S.S., Duma, L., Mureseanu, C., & Baban, A.S. (2016). Depression in romanian patients with type 2 diabetes: prevalence and risk factors. Clujul Medical, 89(3): 371–377.
Mota, M., Popa, S.G., Mota, E., Mitrea, A., Catrinoiu, D., Cheta, D.M., & et al. (2016). Prevalence of diabetes mellitus and prediabetes in the adult romanian population: Predator study. Journal of Diabetes, 8(3): 336-344.
Nabi, A.U., Ahmad, T., & Khan, I. (2016). Hope and psychological well-being among diabetes patients: A correlational study. The International Journal of Indian Psychology, 3(63): 98-107.
Nasiri, T. (2016). Evaluation of the relationship between hardiness and self-efficacy with job satisfaction of high school teachers in the county of Shahriar. International Journal of Humanities and Cultural Studies, 2471-2479.
Odajima,Y., & Sumi, N. (2018). Factors related to sense of coherence in adult patients with Type 2 diabetes. Nagoya Journal of Medical Science, 80(1): 61–71.
Peimani, M., Tabatabaei-Malazy, O., Heshmat, H., Sanjari, M., & Pajouhi, M. (2010). Knowledge, attitude and practice of physicians in the field of diabetes and its complications; A pilot study. Iranian Journal of Diabetes and Lipid Disorder, 9: 1-7.
Rizvi, T. (2016). A study of relationship between hardiness and psychological well-being in university students. International Journal of Advanced Research, 4(11): 2340-2343.
Rohani, C., Khanjari, S., Abedi, H.A., Oskouie, F.,& Langius‐Eklöf, A. (2010). Health index, sense of coherence scale, brief religious coping scale and spiritual perspective scale: Psychometric properties. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 66 (12): 2796 - 2806.
Ryff, C.D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Exploration on the meaning of psychological wellbeing. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(6): 1069-1081.
Shim, Y.T., Lee, J., Toh, M.P.H.S., Tang, W.E., & Ko, Y. (2012). Health-related quality of life and glycaemic control in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus in Singapore. Diabetic Medicine, 29(8): 241-248.
Tennur Yerlisu, L. (2015). Physical activity levels and psychological well-Being: A case study of university students. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 186:739–743.
Tuncay, T., Musabak, I., Gok, D.E., & Kutlu, M. (2008). The relationship between anxiety, coping strategies and characteristics of patients with diabetes. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 6: 79.
Veenhoven, R. (2008). Healthy happiness: effects of happiness on physical health and the consequences for preventive health care. Journal of Happiness Studies, 9(3): 449-469.
World Health Organization (WHO). Diabetes country profiles. Prevalence of diabetes and related risk factors; 2016.