In collaboration with Payame Noor University and Iranian Health Psychology Association

Document Type : Scientific Research

Authors

Shahid Madani University,Tabriz,Iran

Abstract

Objective: According to psycho-social factors are effective on appearance and progression of heart disease, this study performed with the purpose of comparison tolerance of ambiguity, psychological capital and coping strategies in cardiac patients and health people.
Methods: The design study was descriptive-causal comparative. The statistical population includes all heart patients and healthy people, 20 to 80 years old from Tabriz city in 2014 year that among them, 50 patients and 50 healthy individual who were matched with respect to demographic characteristics were selected by available sampling method. They answered questionnaires of   tolerance of ambiguity (Rydell & Rosen's, 1990), psychological capital (Luthans & et al, 2007) and coping strategies (Andler & Parker, 1990).
Results: The results of multivariate analysis of variance have been showed mean of problem focused coping strategy (F=4/07), psychological capital (F=7/35), self-efficacy (F=5/67) and resiliency (F=4/47) in heart patient are significantly less than healthy people and mean of emotion focused coping strategy (F=4/78) and intolerance of ambiguity (F=11/17) in heart patient are significantly more than healthy people but significant different wasn't found in components of hope (F=3/68) and optimism (F=3/49).
Conclusion: The results of this research intolerance of ambiguity and psychological capital in heart patient are significantly less than healthy people and this patient use emotion focused coping strategy further for coping with stress.

Keywords

Abdollahiyan, A., Mokhber, N., & Razavi, Z. (2006). Compression of coping response and important life events in coronary patients (Persian)]. The Quarterly Journal of Fundamentals of Mental Health, 8 (29): 37-42.
Abolghasemi A., & Narimani M. (2003). psychologhical tests. 1rd ed . Ardabil: Baghe rezvan, 50, 135.
Aggarwal, B., Liao, M., Allegrate, P., & Mosca, L. (2010). Low Social Support Level is Associated with Non- Adherence to Diet at 1 Year in the Family Intervention Trial for Heart Health (FIT Heart). Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 42, 381-388.
Aliakbari Dehkordi, M., Salehi, Sh., & Rezayi, A. (2013). The compare irrational beliefs and defensive styles in between coronary heart disease and ordinary people. Health Psychology, 2(2): 18-32.
Baily, T.C., & Snyder, C.R. (2007). Satisfaction with life and hope: a look at age and marital status. Psychological Research , 57, 233-40.
Bandura, A., Baarbaranelli, C.V., & Postorelli, C. (1999). Self- efficacy pathways to childhood depression, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 76: 258-269.
Bayazi, M., & Rastegari, Y. (2004). [Relationship of Type 2 Behavior Pattern, Hardiness, and Stress with Coronary Heart Disease. Psychological researches, 8(1-2): 40-58.
Brown, N., Tollefson, W., Dunn, R., & Cromwell, D. (2002). The adult sensory profile: measuring patterns of sensory processing. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 55(23), 75-82.
Carver, C.S., Schutz, R.W., & Bru, E. (2004). Conceptualizing the process of coping in men and women with coronary heart disease: A meta-analysis. Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation, 27, 203-224.
Chunga, M.C., Bergerb, Z., & Rudd, H. (2008).Coping with posttraumatic stress disorder and comorbidity after myocardial infarction. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 49(1):  55-64.
Dougherty, C.M., Steele, B.G., & Hunziker, J. (2011). Testing an intervention to improve functional capability in advanced cardiopulmonary illness. Journal Cardiopulm Rehabilitation Prevention, 31(1): 35-41.
Eastwood, J.A., Doering, L., Roper, J., & Hays, R.D.(2008). Uncertainty and health-related quality of life 1 year after coronary angioplasty. American Journal Crit Care, 17(3): 232-243.
Erez, A., & Judge, T. (2001). Relationship of core self-evaluations to Goal Setting, Motivation, and Performance. Journal Applied Psychology, 86: 1270- 1279.
Goldsmith, A., Veum, J., & Darity, W. (1997). Unemployment, joblessness, psychological wellbeing and self-esteem: Theory and evidence. Journal  Sociology Econ, 26, 133-158.
Hawthorne, M., & Hixon, M. (1994). Functional status, mood disturbance, and quality of life in patients with heart failure. Progress in Cardiovascular Nursing, 9(1): 22-32
Hoveida, R., Mokhtarifar, H., & Farvaher, M. (2012). The relation between psychological capital and Organizational commitment. Behavioral and cognitive science researches,  2(2): 43-56.
Johnson, J., Gooding, P.A., Wood, A.M., & Tarrier, N. (2010). Resilience as positive coping appraisals: Testing the schematic appraisals model of suicide (SAMS). Behaviour Research Therapy, 48: 179-86.
Judge, T., & Bono, J. (2001). Relationship of core self-evaluations traits – self-esteem, generalized self efficacy, locus of control, and emotional stability with job satisfaction and job performance: A meta-analysis. Journal Applied Psychology, 86: 80-92.
Lavasani, M.G., keyvanzadeh, M., & Arjmand, N. (2009). Relation of medical and psychological risk factors to coronary heart disease. Psychological Research , 11(3&4):11-27.
Lazarus, R.S. (1998). Psychological stress and coping process: Role of health problems. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 62: 385-398.
Libby, P., Bonow, R.O., Mann, D.L.,  & Zipes, D.P. (2008). Braunwalds Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. 8th ed. Philadelphia, Saunders Elsevier, 105-146.
Luthans, F., Luthans, K., & Luthans, B.C. (2004). Positive Psychological Capital: Going behind human and social capital. Bus horiz, 47, 45-50.
Marks, R., Allegrante, J. P., & Lorig, K. (2005). A review and synthesis of research evidence for self-efficacyenhancing interventions for reducing chronic disability: implications for health education practice (part I). Health Promot Pract, 6(1), 37-43.
Mishel, M. H. (1990). Reconceptualization of the uncertainty in illness theory. Image Journal Nurse School, 22: 256-262.
Nicolas, M., Oreskovic, M.D., & Goodman. E. (2013). Association of optimism with cardio metabolic risk in adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health, 52: 407-412.
Pakenham, K. I. (2001). Coping with multiple sclerosis: development of a measure. Psychological Health Med, 6, 411-28.
Paradis, G., & Chiolero, A. (2011). The cardiovascular and chronic diseases epidemic in low- and middle-income countries: a global health challenge. J Am Coll Cardiol, 57, 1775-1777.
Parker, C., Baltes, B., Young, S., Huff, J., Altmann, R., & Lacost, H. (2001). Relationships between psychological climate perceptions andwork outcomes: a meta-analytic review. J Organ Behav, 24, 389-416.
Paryad, E., Hosseinzade, T., Kazemnejad, E., & Asiri, S.h. (2013). [A study of self-efficacy in patients with coronary artery disease and its predictors (Persian)]. Qom Univ Med Sci J, 7(1), 97-104.
Patterson, B.T. (2004).Personality, coping style, emotion and coronary heart disease: Toward on integrative model. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 91, 247-265.
Peterson, C. (2000). The future of optimism. American Psychological, 55: 44-55.
Piko, B. (2001).Gender differences and similarities in adolescents ways of coping. Psychol Rec, 51, 223-36.
Pournaghash Tehrani, S., Tafteh, F., Saberi, M., & Kazemi Saleh, D. (2016). The impact of Medical Counseling on Stress and Physiological Factors of Coronary Heart Patients After Coronary Artery Bypass Graft surgery (CABG) and Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA). Health Psychology, 14(16), 37-46.
Rahimian, E. (2011). [Risk factors for cardiovascular complications in patients with type II diabetes: Predictive role of psychological factors, social factors and disease characteristics. Journal of Fundamentals of Mental Health, 13(3), 278-293.
Robbins, S., Millet, B., Caccioppe, R., & Waters-Marsh, T. (1998). Organizational behavior. 2ndEdn. Australia: Prentice Hall:  25-76.
Sarafino, E.P. (2002). Health psychology. 4th ed. New York: John Wiley and Sons. 2002.
Sarkar, U., Ali, S., & Whooley, M.A. (2007). Self-Efficacy and Health Status in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease: Findings from the Heart and Soul Study. Psychosom Med, 69(4), 306-312.
Sarkar, U., Ali, S., & Whooley, M.A. (2009). Self-Efficacy as a Marker of Cardiac Function and Predictor of Heart Failure Hospitalization and Mortality in Patients with Stable Coronary Heart Disease: Findings from the Heart and Soul Study. Health Psychology, 28(2), 166-173.
Sawatzky, D.L. (2008). Hopelessness in the social domain: Social hopelessness, depressive predictive certainty, stress, and depression. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering, 59(5), 24-33.
Siu, O.L., Hui, C.H., Phillips, D.R., Lin,  L., Wong, T.W., & Shi, K. (2009). A study of resiliency among Chinese health care workers: capacity to copy with workplace stress. Journal Research Personality, 5, 770-776.
Sol, B.G., Graaf, Y., Bijl, J.J., Goessens, N.B., Visseren, F.L. (2006). Self-efficacy in Patient with Clinical Manifestations of Vascular Disease. Pateint Educ Couns, 61, 443-448.
Tiomothy, W., & Smith, M. (2008). Psychosocial influence on the development and course of coronary heart disease: Current status and implication for research and practice. Journal Consultation Clinical Psychology, 70, 548-568.
Youssef, C., & Luthans,  F. (2007). Positive organizational behavior in the workplace: The impact of hope, optimism, and resilience. Journal Management, 33, 774-800.
Zamani, T., Zakaria, A., Bagheri, F., &  Sohrabi, F. (2009). [Comparison and relationship between ambiguity tolerance rate & sensory processing styles in women with & without cardio diseases. Research in Psychological Health, 3 (2), 51-61.