stress
sepideh Tamrchi; Mona Farkhondehfal; Mohadese Kheradmand; Mahtab Rabiee; Fariba Zarani
Abstract
Objective: Breaking bad news to the patients and their family is an important and difficult stage in disease process requiring both verbal and non-verbal skills. Thus, studies in the field of health psychology have provided protocols to explain step by step how to break bad news. These protocols have ...
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Objective: Breaking bad news to the patients and their family is an important and difficult stage in disease process requiring both verbal and non-verbal skills. Thus, studies in the field of health psychology have provided protocols to explain step by step how to break bad news. These protocols have focused on how to break bad news in various therapeutic fields and different approaches. The diversity of these models can make health professionals hesitate in choosing the right model. The purpose of this review study was to identify the most widely used protocols for breaking bad news, their similarities and differences, and to provide a structure to compare these protocols.
Methods: The search for breaking bad news protocols was conducted in Google Scholar and Science Direct databases. Then, the most widely used protocols that were mostly referred to by other studies were identified. Finally, 13 protocols were selected for detailed investigation. Results: As a result of comparing these protocols, 9 common concepts were find, including: 1- preparation before the session, 2- setting up the proper communicational space, 3- personal evaluation of the patient, 4- evaluation of the patient's environment, 5- approaching the news, 6- exploring the emotions and providing empathic response, 7-talking about treatment plans, 8- investigating support systems, 9- summarizing and concluding the session. Along with these common steps, 47 sub-steps were identified. All these findings were classified altogether in both summarized and extended model. In summarized model the one look table consisting of 9 common concepts and 47 sub-steps was provided. While in an extended table, the contribution of each of 13 investigated protocols in each of the concepts and sub-steps was clarified by detail. Conclusion: The extended table also highlights the unique features of each protocol, allowing health professionals to choose the most appropriate approach based on the specific needs of the patients and their families. In general, this study reviews and compares the most important protocols of breaking bad news to patients to provide a relatively comprehensive picture of what has been considered in different studies for breaking bad news. Therefore, it provided the summarized and extended models of breaking bad news to health professionals as a practical tool containing common concepts and different sub-steps of the most important protocols. This study emphasizes the importance of a structured and empathetic approach to breaking bad news, which can improve patient satisfaction, trust, and coping strategies.
stress
Hossein Zare; Azadeh Sabeti
Abstract
Objective: The aim of the present study was to predict complicated grief based on cognitive flexibility with the mediating role of cognitive regulation of emotion in survivors of the COVID-19.Method: This descriptive study was fundamental-applicative and correlation type with path analysis in terms of ...
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Objective: The aim of the present study was to predict complicated grief based on cognitive flexibility with the mediating role of cognitive regulation of emotion in survivors of the COVID-19.Method: This descriptive study was fundamental-applicative and correlation type with path analysis in terms of method. The statistical population included all the bereaved people who lost one of their close relatives or family members due to the corona virus since 2018 to 1400. Therefore 200 survivors and mourners formed the research sample.Three questionnaires included cognitive-emotional regulation by Garnevsky et al. (2009), cognitive flexibility by Dennis Vonderwall (2010), and grief experience by Barrett and Scott (1998) were used and completed online by the participants. SPSS-26 software was used to analyze statistical correlation relationships and Imus software version 24 was used to evaluate the achievement of the fitted model.Results: The results showed that the direct effect of cognitive flexibility with beta coefficient on compromised strategies is positive (Beta=0.655), and on uncompromised strategies (Beta=-0.628) and the experience of bereavement (Beta=-0.387) is negative and significant (P<01.1). Also, the direct effect of emotion-cognitive compromise strategies with the standard coefficient on bereavement experience (Beta=0.254) is positively significant and the adaptive cognitive strategies of emotion are negatively significant on the experience of bereavement (Beta=-0.327).The correlation coefficient between the variables showed that cognitive flexibility has a positive correlation with emotional cognitive strategies (r=0.66) and a negative correlation with bereavement experience (r=-0.75) and a negative correlation with non-compromised emotional cognitive strategies (P<0.1). In other words, as survivors' cognitive flexibility increases, their mourning decreases. Also, the experience of bereavement is more in the survivors who use non-compromised strategies of emotional cognition (r=0/66) and less in those who use compromised cognitive strategies of emotion (r=-0.71).The results of the Bootstrap test for indirect ways showed that the indirect way of cognitive flexibility to the experience of bereavement with the mediating role of cognitive regulation of uncompromising emotion has an effect size -0.14, as well as the indirect way of cognitive flexibility to the experience of bereavement with the mediating role of cognitive regulation of compromising emotion has an effect size-0.18, that is significant at the level of less than 0.05.Conclusion: Cognitive regulation of emotion has a mediating role between cognitive flexibility and bereavement experience of survivors. In general, the use of cognitive regulation of uncompromised emotion enhances the experience of bereavement and the use of cognitive regulation of compromised emotion reduces it. There is a significant negative relationship between cognitive flexibility and bereavement experience of corona survivors. There is a significant negative relationship between the dimensions of cognitive flexibility and the dimensions of uncompromising cognitive emotion regulation strategies of corona survivors. Also, cognitive flexibility has a significant effect on the complex grief of corona survivors through the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation. In complicated grief caused by events such as Covid-19, various psychological and cognitive factors such as cognitive flexibility, cognitive regulation of emotion are involved, and psychotherapists, especially cognitive-behavioral therapists, should pay attention to these issues and focus on the positive factors influencing the reduction of complex bereavement and the treatment process.Due to the lack of funeral rituals and traditional mourning interactions which play an important role in facilitating the mourning process, the levels of resolving the painful emotions become more difficult. Greater flexibility will allow individuals to focus more on alternative ways of cognitive changes, therefore, in traumatic situations and psychological distress, they will have better control over their emotions.
stress
nazafarin Paknahad; majid saffarinia
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction on perceived stress, negative mood, self-efficacy, and pain perception in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Method: This was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test with control ...
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Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction on perceived stress, negative mood, self-efficacy, and pain perception in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Method: This was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test with control group. The statistical population of this study included all patients with rheumatoid arthritis referred to Tehran Shariati hospital. A sample of 40 patients (20 females and 20 males) was selected with targeted sampling from this population and were randomly assigned into experimental (10 male and 10 female) and control (10 male and 10 female) groups. In this intervention, the experimental group underwent mindfulness-based stress reduction program during 8 sessions for 2 months, 2 hours per week, and the control group was placed on the waiting list. The experimental and control groups also completed the Perceived Stress Scale by Cohen et al (1983), the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale by Lovibond & Lov bond (1995), the Self-efficacy Scale by Sherer et al (1982), and the McGill pain questionnaire by Melzack (1975) at pre-test and post-test. Multivariate analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data. Findings: The results showed that in the post-test phase, mindfulness-based stress reduction treatment significantly (p<0/001) increased self-efficacy and significantly (p<0/001) reduced perceived stress, negative mood, and pain perception in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Conclusion: Mindfulness-based stress reduction can be effective in increasing self-efficacy and decreasing perceived stress, negative mood, and pain perception in these patients.
stress
reyhane sheykhan; mohammadali sepahvandi; firoozeh ghazanfari
Abstract
Objective: Among the common cancers, breast cancer is one of the important health issues that many people are involved with. Therefore, regular mammograms are a method for early diagnosis of the disease. Given the low rate of mammography in Iran, the aim of this study was to investigate the Role of breast ...
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Objective: Among the common cancers, breast cancer is one of the important health issues that many people are involved with. Therefore, regular mammograms are a method for early diagnosis of the disease. Given the low rate of mammography in Iran, the aim of this study was to investigate the Role of breast cancer worry and mammography self efficacy in intention and mammography screening behavior. Method: participants in this study were all women with aged 40 - 60 years in 1 and 2 area in Arak . The study sample consisted of 305 women, aged 40- 60. Participation answered Breast Cancer Worry Scale (BCWS, champion, 2005), Mammography Self-Efficacy Scale (MSS, Lerman, 1991) and planned behavior theory questioner (PBTQ, Sargezi and etal, 1393) (parts of intention an act). Data were analyzed using SPSS23 software. Result: A significant was observed between breast cancer worry and mammography screening. According to data analysis, relationship between high and moderate level of breast cancer worry and mammograms intention was significant, and high concern was associated with mammography screening behavior (p≤0/01). The findings also showed that the relationship between high level of self-efficacy and intention and behavior of mammography screening is positive and meaningful (p≤0/01(. Conclusion: High levels of breast cancer worry can be a motivating factor for mammography screening. Also, higher mammography self-efficacy predicts a higher rate of mammography screening intent and action.
stress
hakimeh mousavi; reza Bagherian
Abstract
Objective: Health literacy is a broad concept defined in a variety of ways. Health literacy is the capacity for acquisition, processing, understanding of information and basic services for appropriate health decisions. Health literacy is heavily important for breast cancer patients so that therapists ...
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Objective: Health literacy is a broad concept defined in a variety of ways. Health literacy is the capacity for acquisition, processing, understanding of information and basic services for appropriate health decisions. Health literacy is heavily important for breast cancer patients so that therapists can decide on a complex set of decision-making decisions based on diagnosis and treatment when physical and emotional distress. Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women throughout the world. Considering the effect of this disease and its treatment on different dimensions of life, evaluating the level of health literacy of patients in order to improve their health seems useful before any study. Method: This study was conducted with the aim of reviewing the world literature on health literacy and breast cancer. In this systematic study, the terms health literacy and Breath Cancer were searched in the title and abstract of the articles published in internationally recognized scientific databases and all English and related articles were listed. Findings: Then the abstract of the articles was examined and in several stages repeated and unrelated items were excluded from the study. Finally, the final papers were selected for comprehensive review and data extraction. Conclusion: The overall result of this study was that according to the literature reviewed, literacy can have an impact on the prevention of breast cancer and the management of symptoms resulting from the disease.
stress
Reza Bagherian; Gholam Reza Kheirabadi; Mohammad Reza Maracy; Sara Ghaneeian
Abstract
Objective: Appropriate self-care is the base of treatment in hemodialysis patients. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between psychological factors (personality traits, anxiety, depression and stress) and the self- care of hemodialysis patient. Method: In a cross-sectional study ...
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Objective: Appropriate self-care is the base of treatment in hemodialysis patients. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between psychological factors (personality traits, anxiety, depression and stress) and the self- care of hemodialysis patient. Method: In a cross-sectional study 125 patients under chronic hemodialysis admitted to Al-Zahra and Noor hospitals of Isfahan city in 2012 were enrolled to the study with regard to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data collection tools were including three questionnaires (the five-factor personality inventory (Neo Big-5), Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) and Hemodialysis Self-care checklist that after the choice of samples were given to complete. the data was analyzed by multivariate regression model. Findings: Depression and conscientiousness are significantly correlated with self-care in hemodialysis patients. There is an inverse correlation between self-care and depression and a direct correlation between conscientiousness with self-care. Conclusion: It seems that pay attention to psychological factors are required in practice with hemodialysis patients.
stress
minoo bahrami rad; Zohreh Rafezi
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this research was predicting pain acceptance based on perceived stress and coping strategies in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis. Method: The current research method was correlation. The statistical population was all patients with rheumatoid arthritis who referred to rheumatology ...
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Objective: The aim of this research was predicting pain acceptance based on perceived stress and coping strategies in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis. Method: The current research method was correlation. The statistical population was all patients with rheumatoid arthritis who referred to rheumatology centers of districts 2,3,5,6,7,18 of Tehran city in 1396 that 214 of them, based on the Kerjcie and Morgan table (1970) and using the available sampling method, were selected as statistical samples, but 210 patients remained as the final sample. The data for the research were collected through Perceived Stress Scale by Cohen, Kamarak and Mermelstein (1983), Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations by Calsbeek, Mieke, Dekker, and Henegouwen (2002) and Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire by McCracken, Wolves and Eccleston (2004) and analyzed by using multiple regression method. Results: The results showed that perceived stress (β=-0.13, p=0.001), emotion-oriented strategy(β=-0.16, p=0.001) and avoidant strategy(β=-0.21, p=0.001 negatively and significantly and problem-oriented strategy (β=0.58, p=0.001) positively and significantly can predict pain acceptance. Conclusion: Overall, the results showed that perceived stress and coping strategies can be used to control the pain of patients with rheumatoid arthritis
stress
M Aliakbari Dehkordi
Volume 4, Issue 16 , October 2015, , Pages 7-18
Abstract
Objective: Investigations imply that many of children and adolescents have kinds of behavioral problems and disorders. In this case, externalized problems have been distinguished as central problems. On the one hand overweighting prevalence has strongly increased in this age range. Therefore, the aim ...
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Objective: Investigations imply that many of children and adolescents have kinds of behavioral problems and disorders. In this case, externalized problems have been distinguished as central problems. On the one hand overweighting prevalence has strongly increased in this age range. Therefore, the aim of this study is the comparison of externalized behavioral problems in overweighting and normal children. Method: Statistical population consist of all Tehran city elementary students that were selected by cluster sampling; in the way that among education and training sections, section 6 was selected and among schools in this section two male school and 220 students were selected as research sample. Children Behavioral Check List (CBCL) was research tool. Findings: Results of multivariate Variance (MANOVA) showed that behavioral problems have significant difference in overweighting and normal children (p<0/05) and this difference was observed in Conduct and Oppositional Defiant problems, whereas there wasn`t significant difference between Attention Deficiency-Hyperactivity Disorders and Oppositional Defiant problems (p>0/05). Conclusion: According to the results of this research awareness and parents attitude changing is needed in prevention of overweighting and obesity and finally behavioral problems. As deviation of normal weight is related to risky and inappropriate behaviors, on-time interventions and appropriate planning are necessary and effective at childhood sensitive period.
stress
abbas bayat asghari; banafsheh gharaee; hassan heydari; javad javaheri; sahar mousanejad; ahmad aramon
Volume 4, Issue 16 , October 2015, , Pages 59-68
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics and personality dimensions extraversion vs. introversion, neuroticism versus emotional stability characteristics with adherence in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 100 type II diabetes' patients ...
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Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics and personality dimensions extraversion vs. introversion, neuroticism versus emotional stability characteristics with adherence in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 100 type II diabetes' patients were recruitment by convenient sampling method. Patients checked-out revised questionnaire of Eysenck Personality (short form) and questionnaire to treatment adherence. The data were analyzed by Spearman correlation test and a linear regression model and for spss software was used for data analysis. Results: there was a significant inverse correlation between the personality neuroticism traits and adherence and a significant positive correlation between personality traits - emotional stability and consistency of treatment of modes. There was not correlation between introversion and extroversion. Conclusion: The results of this study emphasize the influence of personality traits, emotional stability, and neuroticism on the adherence and treatments follow-up among diabetic patients.
stress
mojtaba habibi; S Imani; S Pashaei; M Zahiri Sorori; J Mirzaee; M Zare
Volume 2, Issue 5 , June 2013, , Pages 63-81
Abstract
Objective: The effectiveness of mindfulness on quality of life, especially improvement in the psychological and physical health of opium abusers was evaluated. Method: The sixty opium abuser cases were randomly selected from the Andishe Rahaee clinic and assigned into control and experimental groups ...
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Objective: The effectiveness of mindfulness on quality of life, especially improvement in the psychological and physical health of opium abusers was evaluated. Method: The sixty opium abuser cases were randomly selected from the Andishe Rahaee clinic and assigned into control and experimental groups with pretest and posttest design method. The experimental group under take 8 sessions Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction, while the control group received no intervention. The assessment of the Quality of Life Scale (sf-36) was done in pre-test and post-test on the physical functioning, physical role, bodily pain, general health, vitality, social functioning, role emotional and emotional well-being subscales and data were analyzed by MANCOVA. Results: The MANCOVA showed that experimental and control group was paired in pretest point, and Mindfulness training increased the psychological and physical health scores significantly in the experimental group. Conclusion: Mindfulness-Based Treatment Program could be as selective intervention program in addicts’ population to improving quality of life.
