F
sahar ehsani; hadi bahrami ehsan; azam noferesti
Abstract
Objective: Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake disorder was added as a new disorder to DSM-5 in 2013 (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). ARFID is a disorder consisting of three distinct and non-exclusive states: (a) selectivity of foods based on sensory characteristics (e.g., food neophobia), (b) ...
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Objective: Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake disorder was added as a new disorder to DSM-5 in 2013 (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). ARFID is a disorder consisting of three distinct and non-exclusive states: (a) selectivity of foods based on sensory characteristics (e.g., food neophobia), (b) limited interest in eating or lack of appetite., desire and (c) fear of bad consequences for eating such as choking, vomiting, or gastrointestinal pain. From an etiological perspective, recent literature in the field of developmental psychopathology framework has emphasized that ARFID is a serious problem in childhood that may be associated with psychological factors such as problems in the child, his mother, as well as low quality of parent-child feeding interaction. In the field of ARFID disorder, it was shown in the study of nutritional interaction that the mother-child couple has specific problems in the fields related to creating a joint activity, interactive mistakes and solving them during the activities, family intimacy, emotional experience of the child and participation. Children had self-regulation (Losserli et al., 2017). Dysfunctional family interactions are a critical issue that emphasizes the importance of detailed diagnostic evaluation in order to target effective treatment. The family drawing test as a useful method allows the specialist to gain children's understanding and awareness of themselves and their parents. Family drawing is considered as an optional tool for examining children's mental representation of attachment to parents and interaction with them, along with the concepts of developmental psychology. Method: The basic issue is investigating the relationship between the components of mother-child interaction in children with avoidant/restrictive eating disorder and the drawing signs of the family drawing test. The statistical population of this research was children aged 4 to 7 years old in Tehran who visited health centers and were diagnosed with ARFID based on DSM-5 criteria. The symptoms of these people were confirmed by the nutritionist and doctor of health centers. After identifying the study subjects under the supervision of experts and confirming the symptoms of ARFID disorder, mother and child interactions were analyzed using family drawings. ARFID symptoms were assessed in these children using the nine-item Parental Screening Scale for Restrictive/Avoidant Eating Disorder (NIAS-PR). The original version has been translated into Persian for the current study and has been approved by psychology professors. After that, the child's parent questionnaire was given to the mother to complete and the child was asked to draw a picture of the family. Also, variables related to family, pregnancy and newborn were measured separately. Results: The symptoms of ARFID disorder were investigated in these children and the results showed that 83% of these children have severe to moderate weight loss and 3 children had normal weight, which has been shown in other studies. In addition, sensitivity to smell and sensitivity to food texture were 61% and 66%, respectively. Also, the two main symptoms of decreased appetite and avoidance of food in these children were 83 and 72%. In the next step, children's drawings were evaluated and coded. In fact, based on Kaplan and Main's (1986) and Fury's (1996) checklists, the semiotics of interaction elements in the painting were examined and then a coding checklist was prepared. The children's drawings were examined based on the prepared checklist and the frequency of the determined codes was determined based on that. The results of the research showed that the relationship between mother-child conflict and exclusion of mother, exclusion of father and exclusion of siblings is positive and significant; This means that the higher the conflict between the mother and the child, the more the child excludes his mother, father or siblings in his drawing. Also, the relationship between the conflict between mother and child and the right to give priority in painting was positive and meaningful; In fact, the child is more likely to paint himself first (in fact, the only member of the family who is painted is the child himself). The two factors of mother's exclusion and father's exclusion had a significant negative relationship with mother-child closeness, in the sense that the less intimate the relationship between mother and child is, the more mother-father exclusion occurs. Finally, the child's dependence on the mother, which was a negative factor in the mother-child interaction, had a significant positive relationship with the removal of the father and the removal of siblings. Conclusion: Dysfunctional family interactions are a critical issue identified for diagnostic evaluation to determine treatment. One of the practical tools that can be used in the study of the child's problems is drawing the family, because the family is the child's world and it shows the problems in the family's problems and behaviors with him in the drawing. In this research, it was shown that the factors related to the mother-child conflict can be seen in children's drawings with the consumption of restrictive-distancing food.Among these factors, I can mention the removal of the mother, the removal of the father, the removal of siblings, not painting the painting, prioritizing oneself in the painting, which was in line with the researches of Prokasia et al. (2014) and Leon et al. (2007). The results of the study by Balaruto et al. (2021) showed that there is a significant relationship between the quality of mother and toddler nutrition interaction and children's weight. Underweight children showed less demand for independence and cooperation than normal weight children. In addition, mothers of underweight children were less sensitive than mothers of normal-weight children to toddlers' cues that they wanted to stop interacting and demands for autonomy. In this research, it was shown that in children with Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake disorder, the interaction with the mother has deficiencies, and it is suggested to use interaction-based therapy to treat this disorder. In this research, like other researches, there were limitations. It was the first access to samples. The second case was the use of a self-reporting tool, which may have been influenced by the mother. It also included samples from middle to high social strata, which is suggested to be used in future researches from poor socio-economic group as well.
A
Zoha Saeedi; Hadi Bahrami; Ahmad Alipour
Volume 5, Issue 19 , October 2016, , Pages 85-98
Abstract
Objective: Many health problems arise directly from people`s behavioral choices, but people often do not behave in ways that could improve their health and extend their lives. The purpose of this study is to explore how self-compassion may play a role in relationship between self-control and health. ...
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Objective: Many health problems arise directly from people`s behavioral choices, but people often do not behave in ways that could improve their health and extend their lives. The purpose of this study is to explore how self-compassion may play a role in relationship between self-control and health. Methods: To do so, 127 students (45 males and 82 females) of the university of Tehran filled four-dimensional measure of health questionnaire and short form of self-compassion and self-control scales. Findings: The results revealed that self-compassion and self-control were correlated positively with health and the result of hierarchical regression analysis showed the moderating effect of self-compassion on the relationship between self-control and health. So that, in the higher level of self-compassion, self-control was a better predictor of health. Conclusion: These results are discussed in terms of the role of self-compassion in the stages of self-control (setting goals, taking action, evaluation and emotion regulation).
Fatemeh Noorbala; Hadi Bahram ehsan; Ahmad Alipour
Volume 5, Issue 17 , July 2016, , Pages 51-62
Abstract
Objective: Based on Young’s schema therapy model, three coping styles i.e. avoidance, surrender, and overcompensation is utilized against schema activation. Confronting with events, the type of dominant coping style affects general health. The aim of this study was to predict general health status ...
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Objective: Based on Young’s schema therapy model, three coping styles i.e. avoidance, surrender, and overcompensation is utilized against schema activation. Confronting with events, the type of dominant coping style affects general health. The aim of this study was to predict general health status (mental and physical) based on the type of dominant coping styles. Method: For this purpose, Short-Form Health Survey questionnaire (SF-36), Young-Rygh Compensation Inventory (YCI), and Young-Rygh Avoidance Inventory (YAI) were filled by 120 students of University of Tehran sampled via convenience sampling. The results were analysis through correlation and multiple regression methods in SPSS software (version 18). Findings: The results revealed that there is a significant relationship between two coping styles i.e. avoidance and overcompensation with general health status (p≤0/05). In addition, regression analysis showed that overcompensation coping style has a major role in the prediction of general health status. Conclusion: Based on the results, both coping styles i.e. avoidance and overcompensation have negative effect on general health, but facing with events through excessive overcompensation has more deteriorative effect on mental and physical health.
H Shamsipour; M. A. Besharat; H Jafaryazdi; A Rajab; H Bahrami Ehsan
Volume 2, Issue 7 , November 2013, , Pages 5-20
Abstract
Objective: The main aim of this study was to examine reliability and validity of Persian version of Chronic Stress Scale (CSS) among a sample of first degree relatives of patients with type II diabetes. Method: English version of CSS was transformed into a Persian questionnaire after translation and ...
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Objective: The main aim of this study was to examine reliability and validity of Persian version of Chronic Stress Scale (CSS) among a sample of first degree relatives of patients with type II diabetes. Method: English version of CSS was transformed into a Persian questionnaire after translation and back-translation and then was used among 199 participants of the research. In order to explore test-retest reliability of CSS, 30 subjects answered the questions again, 8 to 11 weeks after first testing. Results: Internal consistency of CSS in terms of alpha coefficient was obtained 0.87. Correlation coefficients between CSS and type D personality scale, neuroticism subscale of EPQ-RS, depression subscale of DAS, and anger and hostility subscale of SCL-90-R was obtained 0.36, 0.34, 0.38, and 0.30 respectively. Test-retest reliability with 8- to 11-week distance between two testing periods was 0.73. Conclusion: Based on results of our study, Persian version of CSS has the required psychometric properties for application in psychological studies on Iranian populations at risk of chronic diseases.
behnam behrad; Hadi Bahrami Ehsan; Reza Rostami; Saeed Sadeghyan
Volume 3, Issue 11 , October 2013, , Pages 19-41
Abstract
Objective: we examined the effect of emotion-focused and cognitive interventions on resonance frequency (RF) of heart rate variability (HRV) and stress reduction in patients after coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). Methods: 75 post-CABG patients who were participated in cardiac rehabilitation ...
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Objective: we examined the effect of emotion-focused and cognitive interventions on resonance frequency (RF) of heart rate variability (HRV) and stress reduction in patients after coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). Methods: 75 post-CABG patients who were participated in cardiac rehabilitation program of Tehran Heat Center(THC) were selected based on inclusion criteria uch as age Results: The results showed significant reduction in stress (P Conclusion: psychological interventions such as emotion-focused and cognitive techniques can reduce stress and negative emotions in patients with coronary heart disease. The interventions can increase also resonance frequency (0.1Hz) and consequently heart rate variability (index of health and well-being) of stressed Coronary patients.
.M . Bidadian; H. Bahrami Ehsan Bahrami Ehsan; H Poursharifi; Sh Zahraie
Volume 2, Issue 8 , June 2013, , Pages 22-39
Abstract
Objective: Obesity is one of the health threatening problems and the second preventable mortality factor, the prevalence of which is increasing. The most frequent consequence of obesity treatment among adults is weight regain; so, preventing gradual weight regain should be the first goal in this case. ...
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Objective: Obesity is one of the health threatening problems and the second preventable mortality factor, the prevalence of which is increasing. The most frequent consequence of obesity treatment among adults is weight regain; so, preventing gradual weight regain should be the first goal in this case. The present study aims at determining the predictive power of biological, psychological and social factors in maintaining weight in the overweight and the obese.
Method: Therefore, 157 obese women referred to Sina Hospital Obesity Clinic were selected by purposeful sampling method. The subjects filled out the self-report questionnaires at the beginning of the study. Then, they underwent diet and sport medicine interventions. At the end of the sixth month, weight of the subjects was measured and the weight loss was studied.
Results: Results obtained from stepwise regression analysis indicated that among the studied variables of the research, subjective weight (SW), weight cycling, state and trait anxiety, body areas satisfaction (BAS) and appearance evaluation (AE) have more predictive power in explaining weight maintenance variance and could explain successful weight maintenance by 37%.
Conclusion: The findings of the study show that weight maintenance has a positive meaningful relationship with subjective weight (SW), weight cycling, state anxiety and body areas satisfaction (BAS); also, there is a meaningful negative relationship with the said variable and trait anxiety and appearance evaluation (AE). Hence, programming for cognitive and emotional interventions is assumed necessary in clinical interventions for obesity.