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Ali pakizeh; sadegh hekmatiyan fard; Marzieh Bagheri
Abstract
Objective: The present research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of correcting girls' cognitive bias towards physical appearance on their desire for cosmetic surgery and self-esteem. Method: The research method in this study is semi-experimental and using a pre-test and post-test ...
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Objective: The present research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of correcting girls' cognitive bias towards physical appearance on their desire for cosmetic surgery and self-esteem. Method: The research method in this study is semi-experimental and using a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the research included the female students of the non-profit Foulad University of Technology in the academic year 1401, of which 200 were selected using the purposeful sampling method and completed the body image questionnaire. Then, 45 students whose questionnaire scores were above the average were selected and placed in two experimental groups (22 people) and control (23 people) using the random assignment method.The research tools were: Cooper Smith's Self-Esteem Questionnaire, Cosmetic Surgery Tendency Questionnaire, Probe Dot Test. First, a pre-test was taken from both groups, and then 10 sessions of 30 to 40 minutes were held individually for the experimental group (8 sessions to correct cognitive bias and 2 sessions to measure bias and fill in questionnaires). During this time, the control group did not receive any training. After completing the training, a post-test was taken from both groups and the collected data were analyzed by SPSS software. Results: The findings showed that correcting cognitive bias towards physical appearance reduces cognitive bias towards physical appearance (P<0.01) and decreases desire for cosmetic surgery in student girls (P<0.01); But the effect of correcting cognitive bias towards physical appearance on self-esteem was not observed (P<0.01). Conclusion: Cognitive bias correction can be used as an effective method. Although the current research is limited in generalizability due to the use of a single-sex sample and targeted sampling, the clear findings based on the effect of cognitive bias correction on reducing cognitive bias towards physical appearance and also reducing the desire for cosmetic surgery. It opens a new perspective regarding the effect of unconscious interventions aimed at correcting cognitive biases on mental health. Cognitive bias correction has more therapeutic effect than group cognitive behavioral therapy, because the effectiveness of cognitive bias correction treatment is probably caused by changing the selective information processing pattern and interpretation biases in the tests, which are based on the models Cognitive are effective in creating and maintaining disorder. Cognitive bias correction method changes biases through more experimental and subtle methods (compared to verbal and more obvious psychotherapy processes).
Andisheh Golshan; Majid Zargham Hajebi; Nasser Sobhi-Gharamaleki
Abstract
Objective: Disability exists not only in the body of disabled but also in their attitudes. Negative attitudes and social barriers can lead to low self-esteem and depression in disabled people. This study was conducted to determine the effects of group training through Transactional Analysis on changing ...
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Objective: Disability exists not only in the body of disabled but also in their attitudes. Negative attitudes and social barriers can lead to low self-esteem and depression in disabled people. This study was conducted to determine the effects of group training through Transactional Analysis on changing of intimacy attitude, self-esteem and depression of physically disabled women in Kashan in 2019. Method: The research was performed in semi-experimental method with two groups (training and control) with pre-test, post-test and follow up design. The statistical population was 48 disabled women under care of welfare center, which 40 people were selected and divided equally in each group randomly. The research instruments were intimacy attitude Treadwell, Eysenck’s self esteem and Beck depression inventories. First, pre-test was conducted. Then 8 sessions of Transactional Analysis, were administrated to test group. For both groups, post-test (after training), and follow-up test (one month later) were taken. Analysis of variance with repeated measures was used to analyze data. Findings:The results showed that group training, increased self-esteem and intimacy attitude and its component (mental attitude and emotional attitude) and decreased depression (р≤0.01), also there was no significant difference between post-test and follow-up in training group. It shows the sustainability of these effects. Conclusion: Transactional Analysis group training can effectively increase intimacy attitudes and self-esteem and decrease depression in disabled by recognizing existential values and improving interpersonal communication.
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Mahmood Ekrami; Aazam Mirhaj
Volume 4, Issue 14 , May 2015, , Pages 98-112
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the general health and Self-esteem Status Of the aged women trained in Iran Alzheimer's Association and Other.Method: Forty aged women were selected and divided into 2 groups via matched pair design. One group (n=20) was trained in Iran Alzheimer's Association ...
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Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the general health and Self-esteem Status Of the aged women trained in Iran Alzheimer's Association and Other.Method: Forty aged women were selected and divided into 2 groups via matched pair design. One group (n=20) was trained in Iran Alzheimer's Association and (n=20) was not trained and not association. The research method was causal-comparative and the data were collected via Goldberg's general health questionnaire and Cooper Smite self-esteem inventory. Findings: First Result of one-sample t-test showed that general health and self-esteem were high in aged women population. Second Result of independent t-test showed that both variables in the trained group were higher than the ones in the untrained group (Sig. 0/001). Third result with the same linear regression model indicated the relationship between general health and self-esteem of aged women. Fourth result based on matched chi square test, no relationship was seen between self-esteem and general health of aged women with their personal characteristics (education level, marital status, job position, economic situation, health conditions).Conclusion: Aged women training affects their general health and self-esteem.
