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Manizhe Haddadi Barzoki; azra zebardast; sajjad rezaei
Abstract
Objective: Obesity and overweight impose significant health care costs, while being preventable and treatable. Prevention of obesity is the best treatment strategy. Research results show that many internal and external factors can be considered as obstacles to obesity prevention or weight loss. This ...
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Objective: Obesity and overweight impose significant health care costs, while being preventable and treatable. Prevention of obesity is the best treatment strategy. Research results show that many internal and external factors can be considered as obstacles to obesity prevention or weight loss. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the mediating role of cognitive errors in the relationship between socio-cultural pressure and fear of body image in obese women without a history of weight loss. Method: The descriptive cross-sectional research design was of the correlation type, which was carried out with 200 obese women aged 30 to 55 without a history of weight loss, using available sampling method from the cities of Tehran, Rasht and Kashan, in the second half of 2012. To measure, body mass index (BMI) was used and Subjects answered demographic questionnaires, Littleton's fear of body image (BICI), perceived cultural-social pressure (PSPS) and Ellis' cognitive errors (CDQ). Data analysis was done with SPSS and Amos software version 22. Results: The average and standard deviation of the variables according to the age group of 46 to 50 years, the most cognitive error, the most average fear of body image and cultural-social pressure has been assigned to itself. These estimates are true in working women compared to housewives and also in married women compared to single women. The findings showed a relationship between cultural-social pressure and fear of body image (p<0.05, r=0.38), cognitive errors and fear of body image (p<0.05, r=0.50) and cultural-social pressure and cognitive errors (p<0.05 , r=0.65) there is a significant relationship; One unit of change of cultural-social pressure leads to 0.36 changes in fear of body image, one unit of change in cognitive errors leads to 0.55 changes in body image, and one unit of change in cultural-social pressure leads to 0.66 changes in cognitive errors. The proposed mediation model had a relatively good fit, and the drawn model explained 63% of the variable scores of fear of body image (χ2/df=2.503, RMSEA=0.088, CFI=0.609, PCFI=0.695, IFI=0.730, GFI=0.609). Bootstrap analysis showed that cognitive errors significantly mediate the relationship between socio-cultural pressure scores and fear of body image (95% CI: 0.172 to 0.154). Conclusion: According to the findings, which showed that the mediating role of cognitive errors in the relationship between socio-cultural pressure and body image in obese women without a history of weight loss is significant, cognitive errors such as bipolar thinking and attention bias have the destructive effect of cultural-social pressure to create more fear of body image intensifies in obese women. That is, although cultural-social pressure can be the trigger for weight loss, if there are cognitive errors, instead of the cultural-social pressure being the trigger, it turns it into obstacles. Therefore, it is possible to develop educational programs for obesity therapists and general health policy makers to increase awareness of cognitive errors in order to promote a correct understanding of body image and cultural -social pressure regarding persuasion to reduce or maintain weight loss.
narges ebrahimi dastgerdi; sajjad rezaei; hamidreza nikyar
Abstract
Objective: The emergence of chronic diseases such as traumatic brain injuries brings about emotional and psychological damages in the patients. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the purpose of investigating the effectiveness of reflexive massage on the anxiety and pain intensity of the ...
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Objective: The emergence of chronic diseases such as traumatic brain injuries brings about emotional and psychological damages in the patients. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the purpose of investigating the effectiveness of reflexive massage on the anxiety and pain intensity of the patients with traumatic brain injury. Method: The present study was quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest, control group and two-month follow-up design. The statistical population of the present study included the patients with traumatic brain injury who attended Ayatollah Kashani Esfahani Hospital in the third quarter of 2019. 30 patients with traumatic brain injury were selected through purposive sampling method and they were randomly accommodated into experimental and control groups (15patients in the experimental group and 15 in the control group). The experimental group received eight sessions of reflexive massage during a month. 3 patients from the experimental group and 2 patients from the control group quitted taking part in the study after starting the intervention. The applied questionnaires in this study included Beck et.al, 1988) and pain perception (Melzack, 1997). The data from the study were analyzed through repeated measurement ANOVA method. Findings: The results showed that reflexive massage has significant effect on the anxiety and pain intensity of the patients with traumatic brain injury (P<0.001) in a way that this method led to the decrease of anxiety and pain intensity of the patients with traumatic brain injury. Conclusion: According to the findings of the present study it can be stated that reflexive massage can be an efficient method to decrease anxiety and pain intensity of the patients with traumatic brain injury
