دانشگاه پیام نور روانشناسی سلامت 2322-1283 14 56 2026 03 11 Design and Validation of Tension Headache Questionnaire in the Iranian Population طراحی و اعتبارسنجی پرسشنامه‌ی سردردهای تنشی در جامعه ایرانی 7 24 12453 10.30473/hpj.2025.75562.6307 FA نادر حاجلو استاد، گروه روان‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران حسن عبداله‌زاده دانشیار، گروه روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران علی سلمانی دانشجوی دکتری تخصصی، گروه روان‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران آیسان شارعی دانشجوی دکتری تخصصی، گروه مشاوره، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران نگار فرهودی متخصص مغز و اعصاب، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اردبیل، بیمارستان علوی، اردبیل، ایران Journal Article 2025 08 23 Objective: Tension headache is known as the second most common chronic disease in the world. Tension headaches pose a significantly greater social burden than migraines, especially in chronic cases, and can have significant negative consequences on various aspects of an individual's well-being, including physical, psychological, and social interactions. This type of headache has attracted the attention of many researchers and health professionals due to its prevalence and significant impact on quality of life. Therefore, designing a specific questionnaire can be an important step towards developing related research. The present study aimed to design and validate a tension headache questionnaire in the Iranian population. Method: The present study is a mixed qualitative-quantitative study. The qualitative part of the research was conducted in an inductive manner to extract the items used in developing the questionnaire. In the quantitative part, a descriptive method was used in the form of psychometric studies to examine the validity and reliability of the developed tool. In the qualitative part, the statistical population was all articles extracted from the scientific databases SID, Magiran, and Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Since direct, and Google scholar between 2000 and 2024. The statistical population of the research in the quantitative part consisted of all people with tension headaches based on the diagnostic criteria of the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-3) in 2025. The sample of the present study was 240 individuals from four cities selected by purposive sampling method and responded to the Tension Headache Questionnaire (2025), Questionnaire for Measuring Symptoms of Migraine Headache of Najarian (1997) and Psychological Well-Being Scale of Ryff (1989). Internal consistency coefficient, concurrent validity, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were used to analyze the data. The data were analyzed using SPSS.26 and LISREL.10.20 software. Results: The results of the internal consistency coefficient showed that this questionnaire and its subscales have adequate reliability (α>0.70). The results of the correlation coefficient showed that the positive relationship between the tension headaches variable and the severity of migraine symptoms (r=0.750, P<0.001) indicates appropriate convergent validity and the negative correlation coefficient between the psychological well-being variable (r=-0.155, P<0.05) indicates appropriate divergent validity. The fit indices of the confirmatory factor analysis model also confirmed the final model of this questionnaire with eight components of factors related to repetition, pain, time, environment, sensitivity, distress tolerance, pressure/tension, and mood (P<0.001). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the tension headache questionnaire has acceptable validity and reliability in the Iranian society and is well-adapted to the cultural and indigenous characteristics of Iranian patients, which allows for a proper understanding of its items. Using this tool in diagnosing or assessing the severity of tension headaches can have a significant impact and is a suitable self-assessment scale for clinical and research situations. مقدمه: سردرد تنشی به‌عنوان دومین بیماری مزمن شایع در جهان شناخته شده است. این نوع سردرد به دلیل گستردگی و تأثیر چشمگیری که بر کیفیت زندگی دارد، توجه بسیاری از پژوهشگران و متخصصان حوزه سلامت را به خود معطوف کرده است. پژوهش حاضر با هدف طراحی و اعتبارسنجی پرسشنامه‌ی سردردهای تنشی در جامعه ایرانی انجام شد. روش: پژوهش حاضر یک مطالعه آمیخته کیفی-کمّی است. بخش کیفی تحقیق به‌منظور استخراج گویه‌های مورد استفاده در تدوین پرسشنامه به روش استقرایی انجام گرفت. در بخش کمّی، به منظور بررسی روایی و پایایی ابزار تدوین شده، از روش توصیفی در قالب مطالعات روانسنجی استفاده شد. جامعه‌ی آماری پژوهش در بخش کمّی را تمامی افراد مبتلا به سردردهای تنشی بر اساس معیارهای تشخیص سیستم بین‌المللی طبقه‌بندی اختلالات سردرد (ICHD-3) در سال 1404 تشکیل دادند. نمونه پژوهش حاضر از چهار شهر به تعداد 240 نفر به روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند انتخاب و به پرسشنامه‌ی سردردهای تنشی (1404)، پرسشنامه‌ی شدت علایم میگرن نجاریان (1376) و مقیاس بهزیستی روانشناختی ریف (1989) پاسخ دادند. برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها از ضریب همسانی درونی، روایی همزمان، تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی و تأییدی استفاده شد. داده‌ها به کمک نرم‌افزارهای SPSS.26 و LISREL.10.20 مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. یافته‌ها: نتایج حاصل از ضریب همسانی درونی نشان داد که این پرسشنامه و خرده مقیاس‌های آن از پایایی مناسبی (α >70/0) برخوردار است. نتایج ضریب همبستگی نشان داد که ارتباط مثبت بین متغیر سردردهای تنشی با شدت علایم میگرن (001/0>P و 750/0=r) نشان‌دهنده روایی همگرای مناسب و ضریب همبستگی منفی بین متغیر بهزیستی روانشناختی (05/0>P و 155/0-=r) نشان‌دهنده روایی واگرای مناسب می‌باشد. شاخص‌های برازش مدل تحلیل عاملی تأییدی نیز مدل نهایی این پرسشنامه را تأیید کرد (001/0>P). نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که پرسشنامه‌ی سردردهای تنشی پایایی و روایی مطلوبی در جمعیت ایرانی دارد و مقیاس خودسنجی مناسبی برای موقعیت‌های بالینی و پژوهشی می‌باشد.

https://hpj.journals.pnu.ac.ir/article_12453_ef362554ad181db5e28628da89559780.pdf

دانشگاه پیام نور روانشناسی سلامت 2322-1283 14 56 2026 02 20 Modeling of Psychological Antecedents and Consequences of Alopecia Areata Based on the Transdiagnostic Approach الگویابی پیشایندها و پسایند‌‌های روانشناختی بیماری ریزش موی سکه‌ای مبتنی بر رویکرد فراتشخیصی 25 44 12622 10.30473/hpj.2025.73428.6204 FA آرزو مرادی تولائی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران ایمان الله بیگدلی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران علی مشهدی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران مهدی رزم آرا دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد، مشهد، ایران محمد جفرانی دانشگاه مرکزی میشیگان، میشیگان،امریکا Journal Article 2025 02 23 Objective: Alopecia areata (AA) is a complex autoimmune condition with non-scarring alopecia, and it occurs in approximately 2% of the global population. Although its pathogenesis includes both genetic and immunological factors, mounting evidence supports the significance of psychological determinants in inducing as well as exacerbating the condition. The transdiagnostic approach, which is a method characterizing key psychological processes underlying greater than one disorder, offers a new paradigm to study AA's psychosocial determinants. The current research analyzes how transdiagnostic factors, particularly neuroticism, anxiety sensitivity, emotion regulation, mindfulness, and experiential avoidance, correlate with severity of AA and emotional comorbidities in an Iranian clinical sample. Our research contributes to closing relevant gaps in extant research in that: (1) the variables are compared simultaneously, not separately, and (2) a full mediation model is considered to shed light on personality-outcome pathways. Method: We performed a cross-sectional survey of 200 AA patients (123 men, 77 women; mean age=29.93±7.93 years) enrolled from clinics of dermatology of Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad. Candidates were confirmed by board-certified dermatologists for AA diagnosis, while disease severity was measured using the Alopecia Areata Severity Index (AASI). All participants completed validated Persian versions of Multidimensional Emotional Disorder Inventory (MEDI) for emotional disorders, Anxiety Sensitivity Index-16 (ASI-16), Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory-Short Form (FMI-SF), Gross & John Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ), Multidimensional Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire (MEAQ). Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) through Smart-PLS 3.0 examined direct/indirect associations between transdiagnostic variables, with mediation testing through bootstrapping (5000 samples). The research was ethically approved in ethical commite of ferdowsi university of Mashhad (IR.UM.REC.1402.174). Results: Key findings of this study are: Neuroticism had the highest correlation with emotional disorders (β=0.819, p<0.001), explaining 67.1% variance. High neuroticism predicted lower mindfulness (β=-0.560) and higher disease severity (β=0.206). Mindfulness mediated 38.7% of neuroticism's effect on emotional disorders (β=-0.206, p<0.001) and reduced experiential avoidance (β=-0.687). Anxiety sensitivity had direct effects on emotional disorders (β=0.280) and emotion dysregulation (β=-0.393), but indirect effects through avoidance were nonsignificant (p=0.818). Counter hypotheses, emotion dysregulation, and experiential avoidance could not mediate psychological effects (p>0.05). The demographic variable of age/sex showed few effects of moderation (all p>0.10). Conclusion: This study provides the first evidence for transdiagnostic mechanisms in AA, identifying neuroticism and mindfulness as pivotal treatment targets. We suggest for: Revised AA management guidelines incorporating psychological assessments, Development of brief mindfulness interventions tailored for dermatology settings, Increased collaboration between dermatologists and psychologists. These innovations could transform AA from a purely dermatological condition to a biopsychosocial model of care, potentially improving treatment adherence and reducing relapse rates. مقدمه: ریزش مویسکهای یک بیماری مزمن چند عاملی است که سببشناسی دقیق آن شناسایی نشده است، لیکن مطالعات مختلف نقش عوامل روانی را در به‌وجود آمدن این بیماری مطرح می‌کنند. با توجه به نگاه عمیق رویکرد فراتشخیصی به سبب‌شناسی اختلالات، هدف این مطالعه مدل‌یابی عوامل روانشناختی پیشایند و پیامد بیماری ریزش مویسکهای بر اساس رویکرد فراتشخیصی میباشد. روش: نمونه‌ی این مطالعه را200 نفر از بیماران مبتلا به بیماری ریزش موی سکهای مراجعه‌کننده به کلینیکهای پوست دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد تشکیل دادند که از طریق نمونهگیری در دسترس انتخاب شدند. ابزارهای پژوهش شامل پرسشنامهی چند بعدی اختلالات هیجانی، پرسشنامه حساسیت اضطرابی فلوید، پرسشنامه تنظیم هیجان گراس و جان، پرسشنامه چندبعدی اجتناب تجربی و فرم کوتاه پرسشنامه ذهنآگاهی فرایبورگ بودند که بصورت خودگزارشی توسط بیماران تکمیل گردند. یافته‌ها: نتایج حاکی از آن بود که روانرنجورخویی و حساسیت اضطرابی به‌عنوان متغیرهای پیشبین، اختلالات هیجانی در بیماران را پیشبینی میکنند. ذهنآگاهی در این مطالعه به عنوان متغیر میانجی شناسایی شد، لیکن نقش میانجی متغیرهای بدتنظیمی هیجان و اجتناب تجربی در این مدل تایید نشد (p<0.05)، نقش تعدیلکننده سن و جنس در مطالعه حاضر، معنیدار نبود. دراین مطالعه همبستگی معنی‌داری بین تمام متغیرها به جز تنظیم هیجان با شدت بیماری برقرار بود. نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به نتایج مطالعه حاضر، فاکتورهای زیربنایی فراتشخیصی در شکلگیری و روند ریزش موی سکهای نقش دارند و جهت درمان این بیماری می بایست برنامه های درمانی جامع بصورت ترکیبی با تاکید بر عوامل زیربنایی شکل دهنده ی بیماری درنظر گرفته شود.

https://hpj.journals.pnu.ac.ir/article_12622_ed4c2e65a3b5bb054df3ded7b8dcdb01.pdf

دانشگاه پیام نور روانشناسی سلامت 2322-1283 14 56 2026 02 20 Modeling Spiritual Health Based on Religious Orientation and Hope, with the Mediating Roles of Distress Tolerance and Emotion Regulation and the Moderating Role of Gender among University Students مدل‌یابی سلامت معنوی بر اساس جهت‌گیری مذهبی و امید به زندگی با میانجیگری تحمل ناراحتی و نظم‌جویی هیجانی و نقش تعدیلگر جنسیت در دانشجویان 45 58 12553 10.30473/hpj.2025.76283.6352 FA فرشته نعیمی دانشجوی دکتری روانشناسی عمومی،دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی ، ,واحد تهران مرکزی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ،تهران ، ایران مهدیه صالحی استادیار گروه روانشناسی عمومی ،دانشکده ی علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی ، واحد تهران مرکزی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ، تهران ،ایران فاطمه گلشنی استادیار گروه روانشناسی عمومی ،دانشکده ی علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی ، واحد تهران مرکزی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ، تهران ،ایران Journal Article 2025 10 29 Objective: Spiritual health, as an individual and social dimension, plays an important role in both individual life and society and has received increasing attention in psychological research. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to model spiritual health based on hope and religious orientation, with the mediating roles of emotion regulation and distress tolerance, and the moderating role of gender among university students. Method: The present study was descriptive–correlational and applied in nature. The statistical population consisted of 4,000 male and female students of Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, from whom 352 students were selected using stratified random sampling. The research instruments included Allport’s (1950) Religious Orientation Questionnaire, Snyder’s (1991) Hope Scale, Ellison’s (1982) Spiritual Health Questionnaire, Gross and John’s (2001) Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, and Simmons and Gaher’s (2005) Distress Tolerance Questionnaire. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, and structural equation modeling was used in the inferential section using SmartPLS 4 software. Results: Based on the statistical results, the total effect of hope on spiritual health mediated by emotion regulation was positive in male students (β = 0.389) and negative in female students (β = −0.181). In addition, the total effect of religious orientation on spiritual health mediated by emotion regulation was positive in male students (β = 0.369) and negative in female students (β = −0.085). Moreover, the total effect of hope on spiritual health mediated by distress tolerance was positive in male students (β = 0.415) and negative in female students (β = −0.189). Furthermore, the total effect of religious orientation on spiritual health mediated by distress tolerance was positive in male students (β = 0.324) and negative in female students (β = −0.105). In the present model, the SRMR value in the male student group was 0.071 and in the female student group was 0.060, both of which are smaller than the recommended cutoff value of 0.08. In addition, the NFI value in the male student group was 0.715 and in the female student group was 0.657, which are considered acceptable and indicate adequate measurement model fit in both groups. Moreover, the t-values for the direct and indirect effects of all research variables were smaller than 1.96. Therefore, it can be concluded that, at the 95% confidence level, gender did not moderate the indirect effects among the research variables. In other words, there was no significant difference in the effectiveness of the examined psychological constructs between male and female students. Conclusion: Based on the results obtained from the present study, the total effect of hope on spiritual health mediated by emotion regulation was statistically significant and positive in male students and negative in female students. Studies by Ruggins et al. (2022) indicate that hope, as a cognitive factor, can help individuals achieve success. This construct reflects individuals’ capacity to generate multiple pathways and strategies to attain goals, needs, and desires (McNamara et al., 2023), and it can function as a coping strategy against stressful life events while enhancing resilience and flexibility. Furthermore, Taghavi and Amiri (2023) showed that individuals with a spiritual orientation accept life realities more effectively and experience higher levels of hope, which is consistent with the findings of the present study. Based on the results of the study, the total effect of religious orientation on spiritual health mediated by emotion regulation was statistically significant and positive in male students and negative in female students. In this regard, Allport (1968) conceptualized religion as a unifying philosophy of life and considered it an important factor in mental health. He emphasized the relationship between intrinsic religious orientation and mental health, suggesting that intrinsic religiosity, in contrast to extrinsic religiosity, promotes psychological well-being. Similarly, Abbasi (2023) found a relationship between emotional stability and religious orientation, indicating that as extrinsic religious orientation increases, emotional instability also increases, whereas greater intrinsic religious orientation is associated with enhanced emotional stability, which is consistent with the results of the present study. Moreover, based on the results of the study, the total effects of hope and religious orientation on spiritual health mediated by distress tolerance were statistically significant and positive in male students and negative in female students. Simmons and Gaher (2005) conceptualized distress tolerance as an individual capacity that is challenged in difficult and stressful life situations and defined it as the ability to experience and tolerate negative emotional states. Distress tolerance is an individual-differences variable that reflects the capacity to experience and withstand emotional distress and provides a basis for individuals’ adaptation across various environments, which is consistent with the findings of the present study.The results also showed that hope and religious orientation play important roles in individuals’ spiritual health, and that gender does not have a moderating role in this process. No significant differences were found between male and female students in the impact of the examined psychological variables on spiritual health. Therefore, based on the results obtained, it is suggested that more extensive research on this topic be conducted in other social groups, including employees of organizations and companies. In addition, training programs may be implemented through universities, municipalities, and counseling centers to enhance individuals’ knowledge and skills related to emotion regulation, distress tolerance, hope, religious orientation, and spiritual health. A limitation of the present study is the limited generalizability of the findings to populations beyond university students. مقدمه: سلامت معنوی به عنوان یک بعد فردی و اجتماعی نقش مهمی در طی زندگی فرد و جامعه دارد و توجه روزافزونی را به خود اختصاص داده است. بنابراین هدف پژوهش مدل‌یابی سلامت معنوی بر اساس امید به زندگی و جهت‌گیری مذهبی با میانجی‌گری نظم‌جویی هیجانی و تحمل ناراحتی و نقش تعدیلگر جنسیت در بین دانشجویان است. روش: پژوهش حاضر توصیفی- همبستگی و از نوع کاربردی بود. جامعه آماری 4000 نفر از دانشجویان (مرد و زن) دانشگاه ازاد اسلامی واحد تهران مرکزی بود که به روش نمونه‌گیری تصادفی طبقه‌ای تعداد 352 نفر انتخاب شدند. ابزار پژوهش پرسشنامه‌های جهت‌گیری مذهبی آلپورت (1950)، امید به زندگی اشنایدر (۱۹۹۱)، سلامت معنوی الیسون (1982)، نظم‌جویی هیجانی گرانفسکی (۲۰۰۱) و تحمل ناراحتی سیمونز (۲۰۰۵) بود. تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها شامل آمار توصیفی و در بخش استنباطی از مدلسازی معادلات ساختاری و نرم‌افزار Smart pls4 استفاده شده است. یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان می‌دهد به ترتیب بیشترین تاثیرگذاری را متغیر امید به زندگی (β=0.415) و جهت‌گیری مذهبی (β=0.369) بر سلامت معنوی دانشجویان با مقدار p<0.05 داشته‌اند. نتیجه‌گیری: امید به زندگی و جهت‌گیری مذهبی نقش مهمی در سلامت معنوی افراد دارند و متغیر جنسیت نقش تعدیلگر در این فرآیند ندارد و تفاوت معناداری در خصوص تاثیرگذاری آیتم‌های روانشناسی فوق بر سلامت معنوی در دو گروه دانشجویان مرد و زن وجود ندارد.

https://hpj.journals.pnu.ac.ir/article_12553_f21035c02bf4a7b8d7e37df9c27c8f76.pdf

دانشگاه پیام نور روانشناسی سلامت 2322-1283 14 56 2026 02 20 A Causal Model of Parental Burnout in Mothers of Children with Cancer: The Mediating Role of Mindfulness in the Relationship Between Maternal Attachment مدل علی فرسودگی والدگری در مادران دارای کودک مبتلا به سرطان: نقش واسطه‌ای بهوشیاری در رابطه با سبک دلبستگی مادرانه 59 76 12632 10.30473/hpj.2026.75239.6285 FA نرگس رئوفی عادگانی گروه روانشناسی، واحد مرودشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مرودشت، ایران مریم زرنقاش گروه روانشناسی، واحد مرودشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مرودشت، ایران مجید برزگر گروه روانشناسی، واحد مرودشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مرودشت، ایران نادره سهرابی شگفتی گروه روانشناسی، واحد مرودشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مرودشت، ایران Journal Article 2025 07 22 Objective: Cancer is one of the most important health problems worldwide. Childhood cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, and the leading cause of death in children and adolescents. The World Health Organization (2021) estimates that the number of new cases of cancer will increase to 26 million worldwide by 2040, increasing the global burden of cancer. Despite significant advances in the treatment of this chronic disease, this diagnosis is still devastating for family members of children and causes major changes in their lives. The changes in the child's condition, the impact of the side effects of the medication used, and the disease on his physical condition will cause severe psychological problems in mothers. Parental burnout is a significant psychological concern that can adversely affect parenting quality, particularly in mothers who care for children with chronic illnesses such as cancer. These mothers often experience elevated levels of psychological distress due to the emotional, physical, and financial demands of caring for a child with a life-threatening condition. Exposure of parents to prolonged stress related to childcare leads to parental burnout, a state of intense and overwhelming fatigue related to the parental role, in which parents become emotionally distant from their children and, unlike in the past, doubt their capacities as effective and good parents. In recent years, attachment theory and mindfulness have emerged as critical psychological constructs that may influence how individuals cope with stress and caregiving demands. According to Bowlby's attachment theory, the early emotional bonds between the child and the mother (caregiver) are internalized in the form of mental models and are generalized to the child's wider range of interpersonal relationships in the future. The mental model creates a set of expectations and beliefs about the self and others and the relationships between them. Which arouses the individual's emotions in stressful situations. The pattern of these relationships, in the form of attachment style, remains relatively constant throughout the individual's life. Bowlby described three types of attachment in childhood: secure, avoidant, and anxious (ambivalent). This has also been confirmed in adulthood. Mindfulness is defined as paying attention on purpose in the present moment, without judgment. In other words, mindfulness is adopting a non-judgmental attitude toward personal experiences. It is an ongoing, moment-to-moment process that allows the individual to be less reactive and more accepting of these experiences. Mothers with children with chronic diseases, especially cancer, are at serious risk of developing parental burnout syndrome. And so far, parental burnout has not been studied in this at-risk and care-seeking community. Therefore, examining the present conceptual model will be necessary to improve local knowledge about parental burnout in Iranian mothers, especially the sensitive community of mothers with children with cancer, and also to create a perspective to reduce this distressing experience by cultivating awareness in them. Understanding how maternal attachment styles and mindfulness interact to influence parental burnout can contribute to the development of targeted interventions for at-risk mothers. Method: The present study aimed to examine a causal model of parental burnout based on maternal attachment, with the mediating role of mindfulness, in mothers of children diagnosed with cancer. This study employed a descriptive-correlational design using structural equation modeling (SEM) to test the hypothesized relationships among variables. The statistical population included all mothers of children with cancer who were referred to pediatric oncology units of Omid Hospital in Esfahan, Iran, in 2024. Using convenience sampling, 250 mothers were selected and asked to complete three standardized questionnaires: the Parental Burnout Assessment (PBA), the Adult Attachment Scale (Collins & Read, 1990), and the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ). Results: The data were analyzed using SPSS version 26 and AMOS version 24. The structural model showed a good fit to the data (χ²/df =3.89, RMSEA=0.078, CFI=2.963). The findings indicated that the direct relationship between secure attachment (β=-0.213, p<0.05), avoidant attachment style (β = 0.256, p<0.05), anxious attachment style (β=0.137, p<0.05), and mindfulness (β=-0.66, p<0.05) had significant direct relationships with parental burnout. Nonetheless, the indirect effects of all three attachment styles (secure, anxious, avoidant) on parental burnout through mindfulness as a mediator were found to be significant (p<0.001). Conclusion: This study aimed to investigate the causal model of parenting burnout in mothers of children with cancer based on maternal attachment with the mediating role of maternal mindfulness. The results supported the direct relationship between secure attachment style and avoidant attachment style negatively, anxious attachment style positively, and maternal mindfulness negatively with parenting burnout. The results showed that maternal mindfulness has a mediating role in parenting burnout based on attachment styles (secure, avoidant, anxious). The study's findings showed that a secure attachment style is negatively associated with burnout among mothers. This means that mothers with secure attachment style experience less parenting burnout. These findings support the theoretical proposition that mindfulness acts as a protective factor against parental burnout and that secure attachment fosters adaptive coping strategies through increased present-moment awareness and emotion regulation. The results emphasize the need for preventive and therapeutic interventions that focus on promoting secure attachment and enhancing mindfulness in mothers of children with cancer. Mindfulness-based parenting programs and attachment-informed counseling could be particularly effective in reducing parental stress and burnout in this high-risk group. In conclusion, this study contributes to the growing body of literature highlighting the interplay between attachment, mindfulness, and psychological well-being among caregiving mothers. It underscores the importance of incorporating psychological factors into pediatric cancer care, not only for the child but also for the primary caregiver. Future research may explore longitudinal designs and intervention studies to establish causal links and practical applications. مقدمه: سرطان دوران کودکی به عنوان بیماری تهدیدکننده زندگی هستند، و پیامد‌های چشمگیری برای والدین دارد. هدف از این پژوهش مدل علی فرسودگی والدگری در مادران دارای کودک مبتلا به سرطان بر اساس دلبستگی مادرانه با نقش واسطه‌ای بهوشیاری مادر بود. روش: روش پژوهش توصیفی‌ و از نوع همبستگی است. جامعه آماری مادران دارای کودک مبتلا به سرطان زیر 14 سال مراجعه کننده به بیمارستان امید اصفهان در سال 1403 بودند. حجم نمونه ۲50 نفر و به شیوه نمونه‌گیری در دسترس انتخاب شدند و به پرسشنامه‌های فرسودگی والدگری (PBA) (روسکام و همکاران، 2018)، سبک دلبستگی بزرگسال (کولینز و رید، 1990) و پنج وجهی ذهن‌آگاهی(FFMQ) (بائر و همکاران،2006) پاسخ دادند. سپس الگوی پیشنهادی از طریق مدل معادلات ساختاری و با نرم افزارهای SPSS- 26 و AMOS- 24 تحلیل شد. یافته‌ها: : نتایج یافتهها نشان داد که رابطه مستقیم‌ سبک دلبستگی ‌ایمن (05/0>p و213/0-= β). سبک دلبستگی اجتنابی (05/0>p و256/0-= β)، رابطه مستقیم سبک دلبستگی اضطرابی (05/0>p و 137/0β=)، بهوشیاری (05/0>p و 66/0- =β) با فرسودگی والدگری رابطه معنی‌دار داشت. همچنین اثر رابطه غیر مستقیم سبک‌های دلبستگی (ایمن، اضطرابی، اجتنابی) با فرسودگی والدگری با نقش میانجی بهوشیاری معنی‌دار به دست آمده است(001/0>p). نتیجه‌گیری: مدل ساختاری پژوهش برازش مطلوبی داشت. و این گام مهمی در جهت شناخت عوامل موثر بر فرسودگی والدگری مادران دارای کودک مبتلا به سرطان می باشد.

https://hpj.journals.pnu.ac.ir/article_12632_ffbf7710856d5abde7f84de652c0eb2b.pdf

دانشگاه پیام نور روانشناسی سلامت 2322-1283 14 56 2026 02 20 Comparing Effectiveness of Compassion and Acceptance and Commitment Interventions on Improving Psychological, Social, and Biological Indicators of Patients with SLE مقایسه اثربخشی مداخله‌های شفقت ورزی و پذیرش و تعهد بر اصلاح شاخص‌های روانی، اجتماعی و زیستی افراد مبتلا به لوپوس 77 94 12722 10.30473/hpj.2026.75257.6286 FA مینو ایرانی دانشجوی دکتری، گروه روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران. حسین زارع استاد، گروه روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران. محمد اورکی استاد، گروه روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران. عزت الله کردمیرزانیکوزاده دانشیار، گروه روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران. امین رفیعی پور دانشیار، گروه روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران. Journal Article 2025 07 23 Objective: One of the autoimmune diseases is Systematic Lupus Erythematosus (SLLE) (Riaz et al., 2022). Lupus is a chronic autoimmune disease affecting multiple systems and organs at different times and incurring extensive damage to the patient (Chen et al., 2022). Lupus can affect various aspects of patients' lives and their psychological and physical health and lead to impairing their quality of life (Hanly et al., 2019). The study done by Wang et al. (2022) in a group of lupus patients reported that the majority of patients expressed problems such as feelings of depression, anxiety and psychological distress, stress and inability to accept changes in mental image. The results of the research by Hanley et al. (2022) indicated that lupus, with its effects on the central nervous system, brings about significant psychological distress and anxiety in such patients. By reviewing the research cases performed in this area, psychological interventions on this disease can improve the secondary disease relevant symptoms and even help with biological therapies for individuals (Irani et al. 2019, Nabi et al. 2020, Oreki et al. 2021). Consistent with psychological interventions, one of such interventions is compassion-focused therapy(CFT), which has appealed modern therapists for unique diseases (Rezaei et al. 2021). Another intervention run among the affected patients is acceptance and commitment therapy(ACT). The aspects under the influence of SLE, which are one of its most important aspects, are often overlooked and little research has been done on it, and considering domestic research, few studies have been conducted on psychological interventions in SLE suffering patients. Pursuant to the performed studies, the effectiveness of compassion-focused therapy in the patients with lupus has not been much studied. On the other hand, in the performed studies, the component of social acceptance in SLE patients has received less attention and improving social acceptance in such patients requires training. As a result, it seems that concentrating on the patient's own psychological issues (such as reducing or controlling stress, focusing on their self-care, and social acceptance) is one of the best treatment methods for the patient. Regarding the above stated statements, the current study was developed and implemented targeting to compare the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment-based therapy training and a compassion-focused therapy on enhancing the psychological, social and biological indicators in the patients with systematic lupus erythematosus(SLE) in public hospitals covered by Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Method: This study was applied in terms of goal and experimental in terms of method with a pre-and post-test design, a control group and a two-month follow-up. Once the research topic was selected and approved and the relevant code of ethics (IR.PNU.REC.1403. 666) and the due permits were granted by the authorities, 45 patients who referred to the hospital were interviewed with their consent, and this interview was held in a separate room for convenience and thanks to the relevant authorities. In the interview, all the conditions of the subjects were checked according to the pre-designed items and the relevant questionnaires were handed to them simultaneously for being completed. Next, the subjects were randomly assigned to three 15-person groups, including the experimental groups (the ACT and CFT training and the control group) by drawing lots. Subsequently, the subjects in the two experimental groups attended eight 90-minute sessions of acceptance and commitment therapy(ACT) and compassion-focused therapy(CFT), while the control group did not undergo training during the intervention and were merely in the consultation sessions with their therapist. Finally, all three experimental and control groups took the post-test. Results: The results of one-way ANOVA in the psychological and social indicators in the two groups based on CFT and ACT indicated a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of post-test and considering the effect of time in the variables of depression (P<0.001, F=41.95, η2=0.666), anxiety (P<0.001, F=44.38, η2=0.679) and quality of life (P<0.001, F=110.342, η2=0.840). The results of one-way ANOVA with repeated measures in the psychological and social indicators in the two groups based on CFT and ACT revealed a statistically meaningful difference between the mean scores of post-test and considering the effect of time in the variables of depression (P<0.001, F=28.42, η2=0.668), anxiety (P<0.001, F=38.42, η2=0.759), and quality of life (P<0.001, F=35.124η2=0.856). pursuant to results of the Cochrane’s Q test, a tangible difference was observed between the three groups in terms of Antinuclear Antibody (ANA) Test immediately after the intervention (Mean rank = 1.83, p=0.0001). Conclusion: The present study was done to compare the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment-based therapy and compassion-focused therapy on enhancing the biological, psychological and social indicators in female patients with SLE in Tehran. The findings displayed that both training methods were effective in improving the psychological, social and biological indicators of women with lupus and no significant difference was reported between these two educational methods. Overall, it indicated that acceptance and commitment therapy and compassion-focused therapy were equally effective on the biological, psychological and social indicators of the SLE suffering women. This result can demonstrate the key role of interventions such as ACT-based and CFT in enhancing the biological, psychological and social indicators. This finding can be a basis for developing educational programs for the women with lupus and can also help psychologists and counselors to use this educational plan to promote women's health. Like any other research, this study has its own limitations, which include short-term follow-up of the effect of the implemented educational program, small sample size, data collection through questionnaires, and failure to hold a follow-up phase due to lack of access to patients living in different regions. Therefore, it is recommended to conduct follow-up periods to address the effect of this intervention during a long-term period and to add others. مقدمه: هدف از مطالعه حاضر مقایسه اثربخشی مداخله مبتنی بر شفقت‌ورزی بر خود و مداخله مبتنی بر پذیرش و تعهد بر اصلاح شاخص‌های روانی، اجتماعی و زیستی، زنان مبتلابه لوپوس بود. روش: این مطالعه به روش نیمه‌آزمایشی با طرح پیش‌آزمون – پس‌آزمون با گروه گواه و دوره پیگیری دو ماهه بود. جامعه آماری پژوهش شامل زنان بیمار دارای بیماری لوپوس (45 نفر) که در زمان مطالعه ساکن تهران بودند و برای درمان به بیمارستان‌های دولتی تحت پوشش دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران مراجعه داشتند. نمونه آماری به حجم 45 نفر از بین زنان بیمار دارای بیماری لوپوس، به‌صورت در دسترس انتخاب و به‌صورت تصادفی با روش قرعه‌کشی در سه گروه 15 نفری شامل دو گروه آزمایش (آموزش مبتنی بر پذیرش و تعهد و آموزش مبتنی بر شفقت‌ورزی و گروه گواه) گمارده شدند. سپس آزمودنی‌های دو گروه آزمایش به مدت 8 جلسه 90 دقیقه‌ای تحت آموزش مبتنی بر پذیرش و تعهد و آموزش مبتنی بر شفقت‌ورزی قرار گرفتند و در طول دوره مداخله گروه گواه تحت آموزشی قرار نگرفتند و صرفاً در جلسات مشاوره با پزشک معالج خود بودند. ابزار جمع‌آوری اطلاعات پرسش‌نامه‌های کیفیت زندگی سازمان بهداشت جهانی (1996) و پرسشنامه مقیاس اضطراب و افسردگی هاسپیتال[1] (1983) بود که قبل، بلافاصله بعد از آموزش و دو ماه بعد از آموزش توسط هر سه گروه تکمیل شد. یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد، بین دو گروه آزمایش (مداخله آموزشی مبتنی بر شفقت‌ورزی با آموزش مبتنی بر پذیرش و تعهد) ازنظر بهبود شاخص روانی بلافاصله بعد از مداخله (974/0=P) و دو ماه بعد (995/0=P)، بهبود شاخص اجتماعی بلافاصله بعد از مداخله (216/0=P)و دو ماه بعد از مداخله (851/0=P) و بهبود شاخص زیستی بلافاصله بعد از مداخله (458/0=P) و دوماه بعد از مداخله (951/0=P) تفاوت معنی‌داری مشاهده نشد. نتیجه‌گیری: به‌طورکلی نتایج به‌دست‌آمده از پژوهش نشان داد هر دو روش مداخله آموزشی در زنان موثر بوده است و هر دو روش مداخله موجب بهبود میانگین زیستی، بهبود شاخص روانی شاخص اجتماعی شده است.

https://hpj.journals.pnu.ac.ir/article_12722_300d01500f374f236d2ac04199b4b071.pdf

دانشگاه پیام نور روانشناسی سلامت 2322-1283 14 56 2026 02 20 Modeling Readiness and Eagerness for Treatment based on Mindfulness with the Mediating Role of Decentralization and Feelings of Inferiority in Substance-Dependent Individuals Undergoing Methadone Maintenance Treatment مدل‌یابی آمادگی و اشتیاق به درمان براساس ذهن‌آگاهی با نقش میانجی تمرکززدایی و احساس حقارت در افراد وابسته به مواد تحت درمان نگهدارنده با متادون 95 114 12792 10.30473/hpj.2026.74371.6235 FA نرجس عامری دانشجوی دکتری تخصصی روانشناسی، گروه روانشناسی بالینی، دانشکده روان‌شناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه سمنان، سمنان، ایران. محمود نجفی (نویسنده مسئول)، دانشیار، گروه روانشناسی بالینی، دانشکده روان‌شناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه سمنان، سمنان، ایران. Journal Article 2025 04 22 Objective: Motivation and readiness to change are critical first steps in preventing relapse into substance dependence. Given the importance of assessing an individual’s motivation to change before initiating any intervention for substance abuse or dependency, it is imperative to understand the potential factors that influence readiness to change in affected individuals. Mindfulness can be considered one of the factors influencing readiness to change. It is defined as the awareness of internal and external experiences without judgment, an openness to both positive and negative experiences, and the acceptance of painful experiences. Striving to compensate for inferiority and decentralization can be considered a factor influencing readiness to change in individuals with substance abuse or dependence. While substantial research has examined mindfulness in individuals with substance abuse issues, there is a limited exploration of how mindfulness intersect with the drive to compensate for feelings of inferiority and decentralization and readiness to change in this population. This study aims to address this gap by investigating the relationships among decentralization, mindfulness, striving to compensate for inferiority, and readiness to change in individuals with substance abuse. Incorporating novel psychotherapy interventions alongside traditional methods and pharmacotherapy may significantly enhance readiness to change among individuals with substance dependency. Should the proposed model be validated, it could inform the development of a targeted inter ventional protocol to increase readiness to change in substance abusers. Method: This research uses a descriptive, correlational approach and has a structural equation modeling. The statistical population consisted of substance-dependent patients undergoing methadone treatment referring in 2024 to addiction treatment centers in Shahrood. To this end, 312 individuals volunteered to participate. Data were collected using the Stages of Change Readiness and Treatment Eagerness Scale Miller & Tonigan (1997), Five Factor Mindfulness Questionnaire Baer et al (2006), Experiences Questionnaire Fresco et al (2007) and the Striving to Avoid Inferiority Scale Gilbert et al (2007). The analysis of the data was carried out using the Pearson correlation test and structural equation modeling by SPSS 26 and AMOS 24 software. Instruments The Stages of Change Readiness and Treatment Eagerness Scale (SOCRATES): The SOCRATES has 19 items, with scores ranging from 19 to 95; a higher score indicates greater motivation and enthusiasm for change. In the present study, a Cronbach's alpha of 0.91 was achieved. Five Factor Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ): The FFMQ has 39 items, with scores ranging from 35 to 195; a higher score indicates greater Mindfulness. In the present study, a Cronbach's alpha of 0.88 was achieved. Experiences Questionnaire (EQ): The EQ has 11 items, with scores ranging from 11 to 55; a higher score indicates greater decentralization. In the present study, a Cronbach's alpha of 0.86 was achieved. Striving to Avoid Inferiority Scale (SAIS): The SAIS has 31 items, with scores ranging from 0 to 124. In the present study, a Cronbach's alpha of 0.90 was achieved. Results: Prior to conducting path analysis, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test confirmed normality assumptions. Given that structural equation analysis relies on Pearson correlation coefficients derived from the sample correlation matrix, it is noteworthy that all correlations reached statistical significance (P<0.01). Furthermore, results pertaining to fit indices indicated the model's satisfactory alignment with the data in this study. According to the results, mindfulness have a positive relationship with readiness to change in individuals with substance abuse (P < 0.001 and β = 0.276).Also, the direct effect of mindfulness on decentralization (β = 0.416) and avoidance of inferiority (β = 0.468) was positive, and the effect of decentralization (β = 0.237) and avoidance of inferiority (β = 0.403) on willingness and readiness for treatment was also positive and significant at the level of (P < 0.001). Overall, the results showed that the model had a good fit.As per Table 1, the Bootstrap test results reveal a significant mediating role of decentralization and feelings of inferiority in the relationship between mindfulness with readiness and eagerness for treatment (P < 0.001 and β=0.287). Conclusion: It is inferred from the findings of this study that increase in mindfulness leads to greater awareness of thoughts, behaviors, and feelings, which in turn fosters acceptance of failures and motivates individuals with substance abuse to compensate for these failures. Striving to compensate for feelings of inferiority increases motivation to change in substance abusers, and if this effort is accompanied by mindfulness and decentralization, there is a greater expectation for change. Feelings of inferiority, stemming from negative childhood experiences, play an important role in individuals’ tendency to abuse drugs and develop addiction; Nevertheless, while interventions aimed at overcoming feelings of inferiority and adopting the Adlerian perspective as a holistic treatment can be effective in treating individuals with substance abuse, it would be beneficial for these interventions to incorporate a focus on mindfulness and decentralization. Additionally, an increase in mindfulness leads to greater awareness of thoughts, behaviors, and feelings, which in turn fosters acceptance of failures and motivates individuals with substance abuse to compensate for these failures. مقدمه: اشتیاق و آمادگی برای تغییر اولین گام‌های حیاتی در پیشگیری از بازگشت به وابستگی به مواد است. بنابراین، بررسی آن برای مداخلات درمانی موثر ضروری است. از این رو، هدف از پژوهش حاضر تعیین نقش میانجی تمرکززدایی و احساس حقارت در رابطه بین ذهن‌آگاهی با اشتیاق و آمادگی به درمان در افراد وابسته به مواد تحت درمان نگهدارنده با متادون بود. روش: روش پژوهش توصیفی از نوع همبستگی بود. از میان بیماران وابسته به مواد تحت درمان با متادون مراجعه‌کننده به مراکز ترک اعتیاد شهر شاهرود در سال 1403 با توجه به ملاک‌های ورود و خروج، 312 نفر به شیوه نمونه‌گیری هدفمند انتخاب شدند. ابزارهای مورد استفاده در این پژوهش شامل مقیاس مراحل آمادگی برای تغییر و اشتیاق درمان میلر و تونیگان (1997)، پرسشنامه پنج وجهی ذهن آگاهی بائر و همکاران (2006)، پرسشنامه تجربه‌ها فرسکو و همکاران (2007) و پرسشنامه تلاش برای اجتناب از حقارت گیلبرت و همکاران (2007) بود. به منظور تحلیل مدل پژوهش از مدل‌سازی معادلات ساختاری استفاده شد. یافته‌ها: یافته‌ها نشان داد که ذهن‌آگاهی بر اشتیاق و آمادگی به درمان اثر مستقیم و معناداری دارد (001/0>P و 276/0β =). همچنین، اثر مستقیم ذهن‌آگاهی بر تمرکززدایی (416/0β =) و اجتناب از حقارت (468/0β =) به صورت مثبت و اثر تمرکززدایی (237/0β =) و اجتناب از حقارت (403/0β =) بر اشتیاق و آمادگی به درمان نیز به صورت مثبت در سطح (001/0>P) معنادار شدند و تمرکززدایی و احساس حقارت در رابطه ذهن آگاهی و اشتیاق و آمادگی به درمان نقش واسطه‌ای دارد (001/0>P و 287/0β =). در مجموع نتایج نشان داد که مدل از برازش مطلوبی برخوردار بود. نتیجه‌گیری: این یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که افزایش تمرکززدایی، ذهن‌آگاهی و تلاش برای جبران حقارت می‌تواند به طور قابل‌توجهی به افزایش اشتیاق و آمادگی برای تغییر در افراد وابسته به مواد کمک کند.

https://hpj.journals.pnu.ac.ir/article_12792_cc2ef6bd83a1cd0ce06be2f70b7769b8.pdf

دانشگاه پیام نور روانشناسی سلامت 2322-1283 14 56 2026 03 13 The Compare the Effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and Hypnotherapy on Perceived Stress in Postmenopausal Women with Irritable Bowel Syndrome مقایسه اثربخشی درمان شناختی - رفتاری و هیپنوتراپی بر استرس ادراک‌شده زنان یائسه مبتلا به سندرم روده تحریک‌پذیر 115 132 12843 10.30473/hpj.2026.74876.6265 FA جمشید هاشمی دانشجوی دکتری روانشناسی، گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران مجید صفاری نیا استاد، گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران. احمد علی پور استاد، گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران. Journal Article 2025 06 09 Objective: Postmenopausal women with irritable bowel syndrome have more severe symptoms of the condition than premenopausal women. It can also be said that, in addition to experiencing problems caused by menopause, such as hot flashes and a decrease in hormone levels, these women may experience more perceived stress than they did before menopause and when they did not have irritable bowel syndrome. Research has shown that women with irritable bowel syndrome experience higher levels of perceived stress, and stress in patients is one of the main reasons for the onset and continuation of the disease. Regarding the logical and scientific reasons for comparing these two treatments, it can be said that when one treatment can be identified as more effective than the other among the different and effective therapeutic approaches and interventions in terms of empirical studies, it can help psychologists and therapists who work in the field of reducing the problems of these patients to use the results of such research to determine which type of treatment is more effective. For this reason, this research has practical implications in this field for psychologists and therapists. The purpose of this study was to The compare the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy and hypnotherapy on perceived stress in postmenopausal women with irritable bowel syndrome. Method: This semi-experimental study was conducted with a pretest-posttest design with control group and follow-up 2 month. The statistical population of the research was all w postmenopausal women with irritable bowel syndrome of Tehran city in winter of year 2025. Then the number of 45 women patients diagnosed irritable bowel syndrome were randomly divided into two groups, including an cognitive-behavioral therapy group (15 women), hypnotherapy group (15 women) and a control group (15 women). Then the first experimental group underwent 8 sessions of 90 minute cognitive-behavioral therapy and the second experimental group underwent 8 sessions of 90 minute of hypnotherapy. To collect data perceived stress scale (PSC) of Cohen et al (1983). Menopause (permanent cessation of menstrual cycle), diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome based on a specialist physician's diagnosis, and having at least a diploma degree were the criteria for inclusion in the study. Also, absence of more than 2 sessions in treatment sessions, simultaneous participation in other courses and therapeutic interventions concurrently with the study were the criteria for exclusion from the study. Explaining the objectives of the study to the participating women and providing intensive intervention sessions to the control group were the ethical principles observed in this study. Analysis of variance with repeated measures and Bonferroni post hoc test was used for data analysis. The data analysis software was SPSS version 28. Results: The mean and standard deviation of age in cognitive-behavioral therapy were 57.20 and 4.61; the mean and standard deviation in the hypnotherapy group were 61.07 and 5.34; and the mean and standard deviation of age in the control group were 60.80 and 5.02. The F statistic obtained from comparing the means of the 3 groups in the age variable was F = 2.96, which was not statistically significant (sig = 0.063), indicating that the 3 groups were similar in terms of age. The Chi-Square analysis statistic obtained from comparing the frequency and percentage of the 3 groups of postmenopausal women with irritable bowel syndrome in the education variable was Chi-Square = 4.68, which was not statistically significant (sig = 0.585), indicating that the three groups of women were similar in terms of education. Based on the results, cognitive-behavioral therapy and hypnotherapy had an effect on perceived stress and its dimensions in the post-test phase, and its therapeutic effects were persistent and stable after 2 months. The results also showed that the mean difference between the cognitive-behavioral therapy group and the control group was greater than the mean difference between hypnotherapy and the control group, which indicates that cognitive-behavioral therapy is more effective than hypnotherapy on perceived stress in postmenopausal women with irritable bowel syndrome. Conclusion: When people perceive a situation as an imminent threat (such as entering menopause and experiencing irritable bowel syndrome), stress becomes harmful. However, if they view it as a challenge, it becomes more manageable. By participating in cognitive-behavioral therapy sessions, these women learn to reduce their perceived stress by developing a calmer, more balanced approach to the stressors related to their illnesses and conditions and by changing the way they think about stress. But why cognitive-behavioral therapy has become more effective than hypnotherapy can be explained by the fact that, despite the efficiency and effectiveness of hypnotherapy, it is used less frequently for patients with irritable bowel syndrome. This may be due to a lack of interest on the part of doctors in using hypnotherapy to treat the problems of people with irritable bowel syndrome. It is also likely that this attitude is shared by the general public and some patients with irritable bowel syndrome. There were limitations in conducting the present study, the selection of a sample from Tehran requires caution in generalizing the findings. The limited data collection tool to a questionnaire and the lack of use of other measurement tools are other limitations and problems of this study. This is because there is a possibility that there is bias in the responses of postmenopausal women with irritable bowel syndrome, because the criterion for selecting the disease was the diagnosis of a specialist physician and the type of severity of the disease was not specified. Due to time constraints, this study was unable to conduct a longer-term follow-up phase to examine the continuity and durability of the effects of cognitive-behavioral therapy and hypnotherapy, and was limited to a two-month follow-up measurement phase. Based on the results of the present study, it can be said that cognitive-behavioral therapy and hypnotherapy can be used as a treatment method to on perceived stress in postmenopausal women with irritable bowel syndrome and priority of use in perceived stress women with postmenopausal women with irritable bowel syndrome is with cognitive-behavioral therapy. مقدمه: هدف از پژوهش حاضر بررسی مقایسه اثربخشی درمان شناختی-رفتاری و هیپنوتراپی بر استرس ادراک شده زنان یائسه مبتلا به سندرم روده تحریکپذیر بود. روش: روش پژوهش نیمه‌آزمایشی با طرح پیشآزمون و پسآزمون با گروه کنترل همراه با مرحله پیگیری 2 ماهه بود. جامعه آماری پژوهش کلیه زنان یائسه مبتلا به سندرم روده تحریکپذیر مراجعه کننده به کیلینک‌های گوارش شهر تهران در زمستان سال 1403 بودند. تعداد 45 زن به صورت تصادفی ساده در 3 گروه شناختی-رفتاری (15 زن)، هیپنوتراپی (15 زن) و گروه کنترل (15 زن) قرار گرفتند. سپس گروه‌ آزمایش اول تحت 8 جلسه 90 دقیقهای درمان شناختی-رفتاری و گروه آزمایش دوم 8 جلسه 90 دقیقهای هیپنوتراپی قرار گرفتند. از مقیاس استرس ادراک شده (PSC) کوهن و همکاران (1983) به منظور گردآوری اطلاعات استفاده شد. از تحلیل واریانس با اندازهگیری مکرر و آزمون تعقیبی بنفرونی برای تحلیل دادهها استفاده شد. نرم افزار تحلیل دادهها SPSS نسخه 29 بود. یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد هر دو مداخله مذکور در مرحله پس‌آزمون و پیگیری اثربخشی معناداری بر استرس ادراک شده داشته است (05/0>P). همچنین نتایج آزمون تعقیبی نشان داد که درمان شناختی-رفتاری اثربخشی بیشتری نسبت به هیپنوتراپی بر کاهش استرس ادراک شده دارد (05/0>P). نتیجه‌گیری: بر اساس نتایج پژوهش حاضر، می‏توان گفت که درمان شناختی-رفتاری و هیپنوتراپی می‏توانند به عنوان شیوه‏های درمانی مناسب برای کاهش استرس ادراک شده در زنان یائسه مبتلا به سندرم روده تحریکپذیر در مراکز مشاوره و خدمات روانشناختی به کار برده شوند و تقدم استفاده در کاهش استرس ادراک شده زنان یائسه مبتلا به سندرم روده تحریک‏پذیر با درمان شناختی-رفتاری است

https://hpj.journals.pnu.ac.ir/article_12843_d0a2f279588de18a002f2808b61c36f3.pdf