F
Fatemeh Eisazadeh; Isaac Rahimian-Boogar
Abstract
Objective: Diabetes is the most common chronic metabolic disease in worldwide with high financial and human costs; therefore, it was important to investigate the factors affecting the quality of life related to diabetes and fasting blood sugar levels. Therefore, the main purpose of the present study ...
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Objective: Diabetes is the most common chronic metabolic disease in worldwide with high financial and human costs; therefore, it was important to investigate the factors affecting the quality of life related to diabetes and fasting blood sugar levels. Therefore, the main purpose of the present study is to determine the structural relationship between psychodynamic conflicts and mentalization with quality of life and fasting blood sugar levels in people with diabetes, with the mediating role of diabetes acceptance. Method: The present study was a retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study with structural equation modeling. The statistical population was all diabetics who referred to the Iranian Diabetes Association in Tehran in the first half of 2024. Using research instruments, 511 participants were enrolled in the study based on a convenience sampling method. Based on the formula Q15 > n > Q5, the minimum sample size was calculated to be 240 people, and the maximum was 720 people. Therefore, the researchers deemed a sample size of 500 people to be appropriate. Due to the possibility of attrition, 530 questionnaires were distributed, and 523 questionnaires were completed, of which only 511 were suitable for inclusion in the study. The inclusion criteria for the study were: willingness to participate in the research, diagnosis of type 1 or type 2 diabetes, and referral to the Iranian Diabetes Association in the first half of first half of 2024. The exclusion criteria were: unwillingness to continue participating in the research and incomplete completion of questionnaires. The data were analyzed using two statistical software packages, SPSS - 26 and AMOS - 26. The research tools consisted a Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS) test, and a form for collecting demographic information. To collect data, the second edition of the Psychodynamic Conflicts Questionnaire (2020), the Revised Mentalization Questionnaire by Horvath et al. (2023), the Diabetes-Related Quality of Life Questionnaire by Burroughs et al. (2004), and the Iranian version of the Diabetes Acceptance Scale (2022) were used. Results: In this study, 511 individuals participated, with 232 (45.4%) being male and 279 (54.6%) being female. The age range of all participants was 15 to 80 years. Furthermore, 184 individuals (36%) had type 1 diabetes, and 327 individuals (64%) had type 2 diabetes. Therefore, the majority of the study sample consisted of individuals with type 2 diabetes, which seems entirely logical given its higher prevalence. Also, after collecting data and analyzing them in a descriptive and inferential form and presenting the model using statistical software, the results indicated that the proposed structural model has a good fit and the predictor and mediating variables have a significant direct (P<0/05) and indirect effect (through the mediating variable) on the criterion variables. In other words, the t-values (or critical ratios) for all direct paths were above ±1.96, indicating the significance of all direct effects of the study variables. Bootstrap results showed that all indirect paths, mediated by the diabetes acceptance variable for diabetes, were statistically significant. Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, it seems that targeting the components of psychodynamic conflicts, mentalization, and diabetes acceptance in relation to quality of life related to diabetes and fasting blood sugar levels can be effective in people with diabetes. Encouraging patients to confront their intrapsychic conflicts and enhance mentalization (as part of their treatment), along with utilizing constructive coping strategies for their mental health, can be effective in improving diabetes-related quality of life and fasting blood glucose levels. Furthermore, this approach enables diabetic patients to achieve greater acceptance of their condition, which can lead to increased engagement in the treatment process and, ultimately, improved diabetes management and control.
A
Elham Zamirpour moghadamnia; Isaac Rahimian Boogar; Siavash Talepasand
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the structural effect of personality functioning and attachment styles on emotional eating by considering the mediating factor of defense mechanisms. Method: In the correlation design with structural equation modeling method, 800 participants were selected ...
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Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the structural effect of personality functioning and attachment styles on emotional eating by considering the mediating factor of defense mechanisms. Method: In the correlation design with structural equation modeling method, 800 participants were selected by compliance sampling method. The data collected with Eating Behavior Questionnaire, the Collins and Reed Adult Attachment Style Questionnaire, the Defense Styles Questionnaire and the short form of The Personality Function Levels Scale was completed by the sample. Results: The level of personality functioning (0.52) and the secure (0.91), anxious (0.39) and avoidant (0.51) attachment style have a direct structural effects on emotional eating (P<0.05). The level of personality functioning, considering the mediating factor of mature (0.76), immature (0.83) and neurotic (0.79) defense mechanisms, has an indirect structural effect on emotional eating (P<0.05). Secure (0.61), anxious (0.61) and avoidant (0.72) attachment styles have an indirect structural effect on emotional eating with mediating factor of mature defense mechanisms (P<0.05). Secure (0.78), anxious (0.60) and avoidant (0.79) attachment styles have an indirect structural effect on emotional eating with mediating factor of immature defense mechanisms(P<0.05). Secure (0.86), anxious (0.67) and avoidant (0.73) attachment styles have an indirect structural effect on emotional eating with mediating factor of neurotic defense mechanisms (P<0.05). The results showed that the structural model has an acceptable fit with the collected data. The fit of the structural model implies the direct and indirect role of personality functioning level and attachment styles on emotional eating, considering the mediating role of defense mechanisms. Conclusion: Personality disorders have been linked to uncontrolled and binge eating, suggesting that individuals who binge eat may have more maladaptive and less adaptive personality traits. The emotion regulation theory of eating behavior proposes that emotional eating can improve mood by reducing negative emotions. This overlap in emotion regulation between personality functioning and emotional eating may explain their relationship. Immature defense mechanisms are associated with emotional eating, which acts as a strategic defense to alleviate negative emotions, though it often leads to problems. The way mothers and children interact during stressful situations shapes a child's self-regulation, cognitive and emotional foundations, and coping strategies. Without secure attachment, individuals may struggle to regulate their emotions effectively, resorting to unhealthy strategies like binge eating. These findings could inform the development of psychological interventions and treatment protocols for binge eating and obesity.
Amir Hossein Afshari; Isaac Rahimian Boogar; Mahmoud Najafi
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to the structural effect of chronic stress, resilience and somatization on functional disability in functional somatic syndromewith the mediating role of mentalization. Method: the present study was carried out using structural equation modeling (SEM). The sample ...
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Objective: The purpose of this study was to the structural effect of chronic stress, resilience and somatization on functional disability in functional somatic syndromewith the mediating role of mentalization. Method: the present study was carried out using structural equation modeling (SEM). The sample were included of men and women between the ages of 18 to 45 who completed the use of internet calling, chronic stress, resilience, somatization, functional disability, mentalization and functional somatic syndrome questionnaires. Findings: The findings were analyzed by using Confirmatory Factor Analysis, Correlation and Structural Equation Modeling test. Findings indicated a good fitness for the model at a significant level (p <0.05). (χ2/df=3.5, GFI=0.91, CFI=0.93, RMSEA=0.84, NFI=0.93, IFI=0.89, AGFI=0.58, PGFI=0.65). Conclusion: It is suggested to improve and prevent functional disability, In addition to the role of stress, considered mentalization-based interventions and treatments and resilience.
