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Kajbaf Mohammad Bagher; Moslem Siahpoush monfared
Abstract
Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on perceived stress, cognitive flexibility, and psychological functioning among patients with asthma. Asthma is not only a chronic respiratory condition but also a disorder that exerts a profound ...
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Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on perceived stress, cognitive flexibility, and psychological functioning among patients with asthma. Asthma is not only a chronic respiratory condition but also a disorder that exerts a profound psychological burden on individuals, often leading to heightened stress, maladaptive coping strategies, and diminished quality of life. Therefore, addressing psychological aspects alongside medical treatment is of paramount importance. Method: This research employed a quasi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test assessments and a control group. The study population comprised asthma patients who attended specialized asthma and allergy clinics in Khoramabad during 2022. Using purposive sampling, 30 eligible participants were selected based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. The inclusion criteria required having a confirmed asthma diagnosis within the past year, being between 20 and 45 years of age, willingness and ability to regularly attend therapeutic sessions, and sufficient literacy to respond to questionnaires. Exclusion criteria included absence from more than two therapeutic sessions, lack of cooperation, unwillingness to continue participation, comorbid medical or psychological conditions, substance abuse, or incomplete responses to research instruments. Participants were randomly assigned into two equal groups (n = 15 per group). The experimental group received eight structured sessions of group-based ACT, while the control group continued to receive only routine medical treatment. Data were collected using three standardized self-report measures: the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), the Cognitive Flexibility Inventory (CFI), and the Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale (DASS-21). Pre-test questionnaires were administered to both groups before the intervention, and post-tests were administered after completion of the therapeutic sessions. Statistical analyses were conducted using descriptive indicators, paired and independent t-tests, as well as multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) via SPSS version 26. Results: The average age of participants was 39.76 ± 11.05 years in the experimental group and 39.66 ± 9.74 years in the control group. The results of paired-sample t-tests indicated that, following the ACT intervention, participants in the experimental group experienced statistically significant improvements in perceived stress, cognitive flexibility, and psychological functioning (P<0.05). In contrast, no significant changes were observed within the control group. Furthermore, independent t-test results confirmed that there were no significant differences between the two groups in pre-test scores, ensuring initial homogeneity. Assumptions of normality and equality of variances were also met, as confirmed by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Levene’s tests (P>0.05). MANCOVA results revealed significant between-group differences in the post-test phase, favoring the experimental group, with an effect size (Eta squared) of 0.66. This suggests that approximately 66% of the observed changes in outcome measures were attributable to the ACT intervention. Conclusion: The findings demonstrate that Acceptance and Commitment Therapy is an effective psychological intervention for asthma patients. By reducing perceived stress and enhancing cognitive flexibility, ACT contributes to improved psychological functioning and overall well-being. These results underscore the importance of integrating psychological therapies such as ACT into comprehensive asthma management programs, thereby addressing both physical and psychological dimensions of the illness. Future research is recommended to replicate these findings with larger samples and to explore the long-term effects of ACT in chronic respiratory conditions.
Marzieh Hajibabaei; MohammadBagher Kajbaf; Maryam Esmaeili; Mohammad Hossein Harirchian; Ali Montazeri
Abstract
Objective: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most prevalent neurologic disabling disease in young ages accompanied by psychological side effects. Recently prevalence of MS has been rising in Iran. The aim of the present study was to explanation of psychological problems and coping behaviors among women ...
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Objective: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most prevalent neurologic disabling disease in young ages accompanied by psychological side effects. Recently prevalence of MS has been rising in Iran. The aim of the present study was to explanation of psychological problems and coping behaviors among women with multiple sclerosis. Method: This was a qualitative study. In all 15 women with MS participated in study. Patients were selected in a convenience sampling method. Semi-structured interview was used for data collection. The data were collected until saturation achieved. After coding, the data was analyzed through conventional content analysis. Findings: In general, five themes emerged from analysis as psychological problems. These were poor life skills, inadequate (avoidant) coping strategies, depression and emotional- cognitive distortions, relationship problems and fear of solitude including emotional dysregulation, marital, family and social relationships, cultural beliefs and MS stigmatization. In addition, extra five themes emerged as coping behaviors. These were, spiritual-religious coping, acquiring moral values, confidence on god strength and belief in eternal life, search of meaning and being purposeful, active (problem-focused) coping strategies. Conclusion: The findings suggest that to overcome problems among women with MS, developing a comprehensive caring intervention and coping strategies are needed insuring that they include active (problem-focused), and spiritual-religious coping strategies.
