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Maryam Shahmoradi Pilehrood; Majid Zarghamhajebi; Malek Mirhashemi
Abstract
Objective: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a common and chronic disease of the central nervous system that leads to the destruction of neuron myelin, causing disturbances in movement, speech, memory, and other bodily functions. The exact cause of this disease is still unknown, but genetic and environmental ...
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Objective: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a common and chronic disease of the central nervous system that leads to the destruction of neuron myelin, causing disturbances in movement, speech, memory, and other bodily functions. The exact cause of this disease is still unknown, but genetic and environmental factors play a role in its development. MS is three times more common in women than men and typically occurs between the ages of 20 and 50. The progression of the disease is unpredictable, and it can either progress rapidly or in periodic episodes. Patients with MS face anxiety and uncertainty about their future. A negative orientation towards problems, especially in the face of stress caused by the disease, leads to a reduced ability to solve problems and increased worry among patients. This study examines psychological tools, particularly the Negative Problem Orientation questionnaire, in MS patients, with the aim of validating the Persian version of this questionnaire. Method: This study was a descriptive correlational research conducted on 350 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) who visited various centers in Tehran in 2022. The patients were categorized based on the duration of their illness (ranging from less than 5 years to over 20 years). The tools used included the Ambiguity Tolerance Scale and the Cognitive Avoidance Questionnaire, which were translated into Persian using the back-translation method. Data analysis was performed through confirmatory factor analysis using various model fit indices. The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity of the Persian version of the Negative Problem Orientation Questionnaire in MS patients. Results: The results of the confirmatory factor analysis empirically supported the unidimensional structure of the Persian version of the Negative Problem Orientation Questionnaire in multiple sclerosis patients. Additionally, a significant positive correlation between negative problem orientation, cognitive avoidance, and ambiguity tolerance supported the construct validity of the questionnaire. The internal consistency of the questionnaire, measured by Cronbach's alpha, was found to be 0.945. This study analyzed the factor structure and psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Negative Problem Orientation Questionnaire in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. The results confirmed the unidimensional structure of the questionnaire, supporting its construct validity. Significant positive correlations between negative problem orientation, ambiguity intolerance, and cognitive avoidance further supported the tool's validity. Additionally, the internal consistency coefficient (Cronbach’s alpha) confirmed the tool’s reliability. Conclusion: The findings highlighted that MS patients' negative problem orientation is linked to higher levels of ambiguity intolerance and cognitive avoidance, which aligns with previous studies. Limitations included the lack of additional psychometric tests like convergent and divergent validity and the absence of gender-based analysis in the factor structure. Despite these, the study provided strong evidence for the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the questionnaire for assessing negative problem orientation in MS patients.
khadijeh yosefi; Majid Zargham Hajebi; shahrzad saravani
Abstract
Objective: MS is chronic and progressive in nature and affects various aspects of a person's life and affects his or her thoughts. The aim of this study was to predict the tendency to suicidal thoughts based on psychological hardiness and perceived Physical image in MS Patients. Method: In this descriptive ...
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Objective: MS is chronic and progressive in nature and affects various aspects of a person's life and affects his or her thoughts. The aim of this study was to predict the tendency to suicidal thoughts based on psychological hardiness and perceived Physical image in MS Patients. Method: In this descriptive correlational study, according to Morgan table and by available sampling method, 306 people were selected as a sample group from a statistical population of 1500 patients with multiple sclerosis in Qom in 1399. The instruments used were questionnaires of Suicide ideation (Beck, 1961), Psychological hardiness (Lang and Golet, 1981) and Body-Self relationships (Kash et al., 1987). Data analysis performed using Pearson correlation and multiple regression using SPSS22 software. Findings: The data showed that the tendency to suicidal thoughts was significantly correlated with psychological hardiness (r=-0.762, p<0.01) and perceived body image (r=-0.424, p<0.01) and also showed that psychological hardiness with beta -0.734 and perceived body image with beta -0.156 at the error level of 0.05 can predict the tendency to suicidal thoughts. Conclusion: The results of the study suggest that the promotion of psychological hardiness in patients with MS allows access to a list of coping strategies against the pressures caused by events; improving body image perception leads to their problem-oriented approach to problems and maintaining their mental health.
Andisheh Golshan; Majid Zargham Hajebi; Nasser Sobhi-Gharamaleki
Abstract
Objective: Disability exists not only in the body of disabled but also in their attitudes. Negative attitudes and social barriers can lead to low self-esteem and depression in disabled people. This study was conducted to determine the effects of group training through Transactional Analysis on changing ...
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Objective: Disability exists not only in the body of disabled but also in their attitudes. Negative attitudes and social barriers can lead to low self-esteem and depression in disabled people. This study was conducted to determine the effects of group training through Transactional Analysis on changing of intimacy attitude, self-esteem and depression of physically disabled women in Kashan in 2019. Method: The research was performed in semi-experimental method with two groups (training and control) with pre-test, post-test and follow up design. The statistical population was 48 disabled women under care of welfare center, which 40 people were selected and divided equally in each group randomly. The research instruments were intimacy attitude Treadwell, Eysenck’s self esteem and Beck depression inventories. First, pre-test was conducted. Then 8 sessions of Transactional Analysis, were administrated to test group. For both groups, post-test (after training), and follow-up test (one month later) were taken. Analysis of variance with repeated measures was used to analyze data. Findings:The results showed that group training, increased self-esteem and intimacy attitude and its component (mental attitude and emotional attitude) and decreased depression (р≤0.01), also there was no significant difference between post-test and follow-up in training group. It shows the sustainability of these effects. Conclusion: Transactional Analysis group training can effectively increase intimacy attitudes and self-esteem and decrease depression in disabled by recognizing existential values and improving interpersonal communication.
